Germany in Transition, 1919-1939

Question	Answer
Background: Germany before 1919	1. Had Kaiser, ruler, and parliament, called Reichstag. 2. Became a republic after WWI.
Impact of the First World War. What challenges were faced by the Weimar Republic from 1919-1923?	1. Impact of Versailles 2. Weaknesses of Weimar government; political instability – Spartacist, Kapp, Munich Putsches 3. Hyperinflation; events in the Ruhr 1923
Impact of Versailles	1. Everyone hated Germany, war guilt. 2. They took German land and money. 3. Hyperinflation and bad economy.
Weaknesses of Weimar government; political instability – Spartacist, Kapp, Munich Putsches	1. New parliament. 2. New and good democracy. 3. Weakness due to coalitions
Hyperinflation; events in the Ruhr 1923	1. Economy was fried. 2. French took the Ruhr (steelworks), and workers there went on strike. 3. Hyperinflation.
Recovery of Weimar Why were the Stresemann years considered a ‘golden age’?	1. Recovery from hyperinflation; Dawes and Young Plans 2. US investment; social and political developments
Recovery from hyperinflation; Dawes and Young Plans	1. Dawes Plan: Stabilised economy and inflation. 2. Young Plans: reduced paybacks. 3. Helped made by Gustav Striessman and USA.
US investment; social and political developments	U.S companies invested in Germany, New 'golden age', more new homes, better living standards.
End of the Weimar Republic How and why did the Weimar Republic collapse between 1929 and 1933?	1. Social and political impact of the Depression on the Weimar Republic; Hitler’s electoral appeal 2. Role of the SA; propaganda 3. Political extremism and scheming 1929-1932
Social and political impact of the Depression on the Weimar Republic; Hitler’s electoral appeal	Depression in USA lead to depression in Germany, more inflation, big step back, Hitler became popular due to his appeal to working class Germans and speaking ability.
Role of the SA; propaganda	1. SA/stormtroopers, were used to protect Nazi meetings and disrupt opponents meetings. 2. Propaganda was organised by Dr Josef Goebbels, methods included radio, banners, and rallies
Political extremism and scheming 1929-1932	President used emergency powers, became unpopular, had to make coalition with Nazis, Hitler made chancellor, then declared GE.
How did the Nazis consolidate their power between 1933 and 1934?	1. Hitler as Chancellor; Reichstag Fire 2. 1933 Election and Enabling Act 3. Trade unions and political parties; Night of the Long Knives; Hitler becomes Fuhrer
Hitler as Chancellor; Reichstag Fire	1. As soon as he was sworn in he suppressed all left-wing opponents. 2. A fire at Reichstag, blamed on all left-wing 3. State of emergency declared, no free speech.
1933 Election and Enabling Act	1. Nazi party won elections, though no outright majority. 2. He used emergency powers to ban all Communists Party members from taking their seats and made coalition with other parties to gain majority. 3. Made Reichstag pass decree letting him pass laws without their consent.
How did Nazi economic, social and racial policy affect life in Germany?	1. Reducing unemployment, policy towards workers 2. Women and the 3 K's 3. Controlling education, the Hitler Youth movement 4. Treatment of Jews
Reducing unemployment, policy towards workers	Germany had National Labour Service, which made motorways and weapons, this helped reduce unemployment, however part time workers counted full time and Jews and women were not counted.
Women and the 3 K's	1. Nazis believed women should stay at home and have children. 2. Three K's were: Kitchen, Children, and Church.
Controlling education, the Hitler Youth movement	1. Hitler Youth was compulsory, made children loyal Nazis. 2. Teachers encouraged to be Nazis, lessons started with Nazi salute. 3. Military youth camps.
Treatment of Jews	1. Nazis hated Jews, saw them as inferior. 2. Hitler was hesitant at first because it created bad publicity. Crystal Night, (9 Nov 1938), was where hundreds of Jews were killed or arrested and synagogues burned.
What methods did the Nazis use to control Germany?	1. Use of SS and Gestapo, control of the legal system 2. Goebbels and propaganda, use of rallies, radio and cinema, censorship of newspapers and the arts
Use of SS and Gestapo, control of the legal system	1. SS took over police force, Gestapo political police, put people in concentration camps. 2. Lots of Nazis in legal system, People's Court set up for treason cases.
Goebbels and propaganda, use of rallies,	1. Goebbels was in charge of Propaganda 2. All media was censored and checked to be pro-Nazi, rallies also helped to spread propaganda.
What factors led to the outbreak of war in 1939?	1. Hitler's foreign policy aims, rearmament and conscription 2. The Rhineland 1936, Anschluss 1938 3. Studetenland 1938, Nazi-Soviet pact 1939
Hitler's foreign policy aims, rearmament and conscription	1. Hitler wanted to reverse Versailles and Lebensraum for Germans to colonise. 2. He reintroduced conscription, and made a big army of 55,000.
The Rhineland 1936, Anschluss 1938	1. Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland in 1936, it was a direct breach of Versailles and Locarno. 2. Hitler incited violence to Nazi Austrians, then marched in to restore order in 1938.
Studetenland 1938, Nazi-Soviet pact 1939	1. Hitler prepared to invade Czechoslovakia Uk let him if he promised to stop there. 2. The Nazis made a pact with the Soviets not to invade each other, then the Nazis invaded Poland and WWII began!
Trade unions and political parties; Night of the Long Knives; Hitler becomes Fuhrer	1. All trade unions banned. 2. made himself president and chancellor, became Furher, dictator. 3. Night of the Long Knives was where the Nazis killed hundreds of opposers to the Nazis.

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Germany in Transition, 1919-1939

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	Created by Benjamin HEWER over 1 year ago