Flashcards
Chemical Equilibrium
Cards in this deck (36)
- 1What is chemical equilibrium?It is a state in which the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backwards reaction
- 2Why is chemical equilibrium said to be dynamic?because there are reactions continuously occurring
- 3What is Le Chatelier's Principle?It states that systems at equilibrium react to oppose applied stress
- 4How does increasing the temperature effect the chemical equilibrium when reaction is exothermic?We heat up, system wants to cool down. System will favour endothermic reaction. Hence in this case will favour the backwards reaction so more reactants are made
- 5How does decreasing the temperature effect the chemical equilibrium when reaction is exothermic?We cool down, system wants to heat up. System will favour exothermic reaction. Hence will favour the forward reaction so more products are made
- 6How does increasing the temperature effect the chemical equilibrium when reaction is endothermic?We heat up, system wants to cool down. System will favour endothermic reaction. Hence in this case will favour the forwards reaction so more products are made
- 7How does decreasing the temperature effect the chemical equilibrium when reaction is endothermic?We cool down, system wants to heat up. System will favour exothermic reaction. Hence will favour the backwards reaction so more reactants are made
- 8What happens if we increase the concentration of a reactant?We increase, system wants to decrease reactant hence it favours the forwards reaction so more reactants are used
- 9What happens if we increase the concentration of a product?We increase, the system wants to decrease hence it favours the backwards reaction so more reactants are made
- 10What happens if we decrease the concentration of a reactant?We decrease, the system wants to increase hence it favours the backwards reaction so more reactants are made
- 11What happens if we decrease the concentration of a product?We decrease, the system wants to increase hence it favours the forward reaction so more products are made
- 12What systems does pressure only affect?All-gaseous reactions that have an unequal number of molecules of reactant and products
- 13What happens if we increase the pressure in a system where there are more molecules of products?We increase, system wants to decrease hence it will favour the backwards reaction as it makes the least amount of molecules
- 14What happens if we increase the pressure in a system where there are more molecules of reactants?We increase, system wants to decrease hence it will favour the forward reaction as it makes the least amount of molecules
- 15What happens if we decrease the pressure in a system where there are more molecules of products?We decrease, system wants to increase hence it will favour the forward reaction as it makes the most amount of molecules
- 16What happens if we decrease the pressure in a system where there are more molecules of reactants?We decrease, system wants to increase hence it will favour the backward reaction as it makes the most amount of molecules
- 17What affect do catalysts have on equilibrium?Catalysts speed up the rate at which equilibrium is reached but do not change the position of equilibrium. It does this by lowering the activation energy.
- 18What is the name of the process used to make ammonia?Haber process
- 19What is ammonia used to manufacture?Fertilisers, explosives and cleaning agents
- 20What are the ideal condition to make ammonia?Low temperature and high pressure but too low is too slow and high pressure plants expensive to build and maintain
- 21What are the actual conditions used to make ammonia?500 degree celsius
200 atmosphere - 22What is the name of the process used to make sulfuric acid?Contact process
- 23What are the ideal condition to make sulfuric acid?Low temperature and high pressure but too low is too slow and high pressure plants expensive to build and maintain
- 24What are the actual conditions used to make sulfuric acid?Just above atmospheric pressure and 450 degree celsius
- 25What does a larger Kc value mean?The more equilibrium is pushed towards the products
- 26What does Kc>1 mean?forwards reaction favoured = product favoured
- 27What does Kc<1 mean?backwards reaction favoured = reactants favoured
- 28What does Kc=0 mean?at equilibrium
- 29What does Kc tell us?The position of equilibrium
- 30Where are products placed in equilibrium constant?Written above the line
- 31Where are reactants placed in equilibrium constant?Written below the line
- 32What happens if they have a number in front of the reactants or products?It is the power of that number
- 33What do you do with the reactants on the bottom?Multiply concentrations
- 34What brackets are used?Square brackets to represent that the concentration must be measured in moles per litre
- 35Is Kc temperature dependent?Yes
- 36Is Kc pressure dependent?no
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- Leaving Certificate Chemistry (Chemical Equilibrium) Flashcards on Chemical Equilibrium, created by Adrianna Bialecka on 26/02/2023.
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- Adrianna Bialecka
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