Flashcards
ISA Dictionary
Cards in this deck (63)
- 110-20-30Guideline for planting a diverse urban forest wherein a single species should make up no more than 10% of the tree population. A single genus no more than 20% and a single family no more than 30%.
- 290-3-90Guideline proposed by Alex Shigo that states in 90% of trees conflicting with utility lines, 3 pruning cuts can achieve 90% of the required clearance.
- 3Abioticnonliving
- 4Abiotic Disorderplant malady caused by nonliving, environmental, or man made agents. Contrasted with biotic disorders.
- 5Abscisic Acid (ABA)Plant hormone that stimulates stomatal closure and promotes seed and bud dormancy. Inhibits shoot growth but may promote root growth. Plays a role in wounding responses in abscission of leaves and fruit.
- 6AbscissionLeaf or fruit drop induced by hormonal changes.
- 7Abscission Zonearea at the base of the petiole (support axis or stalk of a leaf) where cellular breakdown leads to leaf and fruit drop.
- 8Absorbing RootsFine, fibrous roots that take up water and minerals. Most absorbing roots are within the top 12 inches or 30 cm of soil.
- 9Absorptiontaking up , contrasted with adsorption
- 10Acclimationphysiological adaptation process of plants and other living organisms to a climate or environment different from the native environment or where they are originally are from.
- 11AcidHaving a pH less than 7, contrasts with alkaline
- 12Acorncharacteristic fruit of plant species belonging to the quercus genus
- 13Actinomycetesgroup of soil bacteria resembling fungi. Actinomycetes play a role in the decomposition of organic matter and the release of mineral elements.
- 14Action ThresholdPest population or plant damage level that requires action to prevent irreversible or unacceptable physiological and or aesthetic harm.
- 15AcuminateTerm describing leaves that taper sharply at their tip or apex.
- 16Acutedisorder or disease that occurs suddenly or over a short period of time. Contrasts with chronic.
- 17Adaptabilitygenetic ability of plants and other living organisms to adjust or acclimate to different environments.
- 18AdhesionForce of attraction between two different materials. in soils, it is the attraction of water molecules to soil particles.
- 19AdpressedIn close, tight proximity. Pressed close to or lying flat against something.
- 20AdsorptionAdhesion on contact of the molecules of gases. Dissolved substances or liquids to the surface of solids or liquids with which they are in contact. Contrasts with absorption.
- 21AdventitiousArising from a place other than a leaf axil or shoot tip. Usually as a result of hormonal triggers.
- 22Adventitious Budbud arising from a place other than a leaf axil or shoot tip, usually as a result of hormonal triggers.
- 23Adventitious rootsRoots arising from roots or stems and having no connection to apical meristems
- 24Adventitious Shootshoot that develops from an adventitious bud
- 25Aerationprovision of air to the soil to alleviate soil compaction and improve its structure
- 26Aeration SystemSet of holes or trenches created in the trees or other plant's root area to improve oxygen availability to the roots and gas exchange with the atmosphere. Aeration systems sometimes include an underground arrangement of porous pipes or tubing.
- 27Aerial RootsAboveground roots. usually Adventitious in nature and somtimes having unique adaptive functions
- 28Aggregate (4 definitions)1. Close cluster or mix of small particles of soil and or organic matter of varyiung size that are bonded together. .
2. sand, gravel, or small rocks in soil. and or sand gravel or small rocks used under paved surfaces.
3. clusters of flowers or fruits that appear as a single unit.
4. Indiviudal tree crowns that form a canopy. - 29AlkaliChemical compound that, in water solutions, reacts as a base by forming hydroxyl ions (OH-) commonly referred to as metal hydroxides.
- 30AlkalineHaving a pH greater than 7 contrasts with acid
- 31Alleetwo parallel rows of trees usually of the same species, form, and age, often having canopies that have grown together
- 32Allelochemicalssubstances produced naturally by plants as part of a defense against pests and other plants. May adversely affect the growth and development of other plants.
- 33AllelopathyChemical effect or inhibition of growth or development of plants that is induced by allelochemicals.
- 34AlternatePertaining to bud or leaf arrangement, one leaf or bud at each node situated at alternating positions along the stem. In this arrangement, the leaves are not directly across from each other. Contrasts with opposite or whorled.
- 35Alternate Hostone of a number of separate obligate hosts to the different life stages of certain pathogens such as rusts, which must alternate between hosts.
- 36American National Standards Institute (ANSI)a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards by accredited representatives of government agencies, industry, and other stakeholders
- 37Anaerobicwithout or with a restricted supply of air. Process that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
- 38Anatomystudy of the structure and composition of plants and other living organisms. structure and composition of plants and other living organisms. Contrasts with morphology, physiology, and taxonomy.
- 39Ancient TreeA tree that has passed beyond maturity and is old or aged in comparison with other trees of the same species. See Champion tree and veteran tree.
- 40Angiospermplant with seeds borne in an ovary. Consists of two large groups. Monocotyledons (grasses, palms) and Dicotyledons (most woods trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and related plants)
- 41Anionion that carries a negative charge
- 42Annual (plant definition)A plant living only one year (contrasts with biennial and perennial)
- 43Anthocyaninred or purple pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants
- 44anthracnosegroup of fungal diseases of trees that affect the leaves, stems, flowers, or fruit. Causes spotting, blotching, or necrosis.
- 45Antigibberellinplant growth regulator that inhibits the action of the plant hormone gibberellin, which, among other things, regulates cell elongation.
- 46AntitranspirantSubstance applied to the foliage of plants to reduce water loss (transpiration)
- 47Apexthe tip, end or angular limit of an object. For example that tip of a leaf or shoot.
- 48Aphidgroup of sap sucking insects of the hemiptera order
- 49Apicalhaving to do with the tip or a leaf or a stem
- 50Apical budbud at the tip of a twig or shoot
- 51Apical controlinhibition of lateral buds, decreasing from the top down by apical buds over many seasons, resulting in trees with an excurrent growth form
- 52Apical dominancecondition in which the termincal bud inhibits the growth and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season.
- 53Apical meristemsgrowing points at the tips of shoots and roots.
- 54Apoplasmfree spaces in plant tissue includes cell walls as well as intracellular spaces. Contrasts with symplasm
- 55ArboriculturePractice and study of the care of trees and other woody plants in the landscape
- 56ArboristProfessional who possesses the technical competence gained through expereience and related training to provide for or supervise the management of trees and other woods plants
- 57Augmentationin plant health care, the release of beneficial organisms to suppress pest insect or mite populations
- 58auxinplant hormone or substance that promotes or regulates the growth and development of plants. Produces at sites where cells are dividing, primarily in the shoot tips. Auxinlike compounds may be synthetic
- 59Available Waterwater remining in the soil after gravitiational water has drained and before the permanent wilting point has been reached.
- 60Axial transportmovement of water, minerals, or photosynthates longitudinally within a tree
- 61axilpoint of attachment of a leaf petiole to a stem
- 62Axillary budbud in the axil of a leaf
- 63Axillary shootshoot rising at the axil of a leaf