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First aid - National CPR foundation

cole k First Aid N/A English 104 cards

What is Respiratory Arrest?

Cards in this deck (104)

  1. 1Open Chest Wounds should only be dressed in what scenario?Rapid blood loss
  2. 2Steps in dressing an Open Chest Wound? (With rapid blood loss)Contact Emergency Response System
    Check if there are multiple open wounds
    Remove clothing, leaving any clothing that is stuck.
    Cut dressing to be larger than the wound
    Seal the wound to prevent the loss of blood (Applying pressure if needed)
    NEVER remove objects from the wound
  3. 3Steps in treating Puncture Wounds?If excessive bleeding present, call 911.
    If the patient falls unconscious or is non-responsive without a pulse, make sure to also perform CPR.
    Stop the bleeding
    Apply thorough pressure
    Clean the wound thoroughly with water and soap (Stay clear of the injury itself.)
    Apply an ointment such as Neosporin
    Provide a pain reliever such as Advil
    (Re) Wrap the wound to prevent infection
    Seek medical attention if the injury worsens.
    Have the patient get a tetanus or tetanus booster shot.
  4. 4Steps in treating Amputations?Always practice Universal Precautions
    Call 911 immediately
    If the patient isn't breathing, perform CPR
    Apply direct pressure.
    Raise the injured area, use a tight bandage or tourniquet if needed.
    If possible, clean the amputated part and make sure to keep it with the Patient.
    Wrap the amputated part in cloth, and then put it in a sealed plastic bag in ice water.
    If amputated part is below the heart, make sure to raise legs 12 inches above the heart.
    Watch for any signs of Shock.
  5. 5Treatment for Cuts and Scrapes?Stop the bleeding
    Apply thorough pressure, (Seek EMS attention if bleeding is excessive or cut is deeper than 1/4 inch.)
    Thoroughly clean the cut/scrape with water and soap, (stay clear of the injury itself.)
    Apply an ointment such as Neosporin
    Provide a pain reliever such as Advil
    (Re) wrap the injury to keep it from infection
    Seek medical attention if the injury worsens
    Have the patient get a tetanus or tetanus booster shot.
  6. 6Cardiac arrest is also known as?Cardiopulmonary Arrest
    Myocardial Infarction    Cardiac arrest is also known as?
  7. 7What is Cardiopulmonary Arrest?Ineffective contractions of the heart causing a cessation of blood circulation throughout the body.
  8. 8What is a Heart Attack?When the heart isn't receiving oxygenated blood.
    When the patient isn't receiving oxygenated blood, the heart begins to die.
  9. 9What is the difference between Cardiac Arrest and a Heart Attack?Cardiac arrest is caused by ineffective contractions of the heart.
    Heart attack is when the heart isn't receiving oxygenated blood.
  10. 10What are the signs of a Heart Attack?Pain in the center of the chest
    Sweating
    Nausea
    Dizziness
    Faintness
    Pain throughout the body, specifically the neck, shoulders, jaw, teeth, and arms.
  11. 11Treatment for Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Heart Attack?Check universal precautions
    Call 911 immediately, or otherwise rush the patient to the hospital.
    Have the patient chew aspirin, unless allergic or told otherwise.
    If the patient is unconscious or unresponsive, perform CPR
  12. 12Treatment for Chest Pain? (Signs pointing toward Myocardial Infarction)Chew one adult or two low dose aspirins.
    (If signs suggest the patient has myocardial infarction and if the patient isn't allergic to aspirin.)
    If unsure, can be referred to EMS.
  13. 13What is Respiratory Arrest?Cessation of oxygen throughout the body.What is Respiratory Arrest?
  14. 14Respiratory arrest treatment steps?Call 911 and then perform CPR
  15. 15When should you call 911 and preform CPR for Fractures?Any signs of concussion
    Broken bones in the neck, head, or back
    Deformed joints
    No pulse
    Heavy bleeding
    Any abnormalities of the broken bone such as piercing of the skin, irregularly fixed
  16. 16Treatment for Fractures?Stop any bleeding by applying pressure, wrapping if necessary.
    Apply a splint to the fractured area.
    If needed, apply cold cloth or ice to fracture.
  17. 17Patient has a fracture and isn't moving. Do you move them?No. Do not try and move the patient yourself.
  18. 18Patient appears to be light-headed or on the verge of fainting after sustaining a fracture. What do you do?Lift the patient's legs slightly higher than the heart to raise blood pressure.
  19. 19What is a Dental Avulsion?Knocked out tooth.
  20. 20What do you do in the case of a Dental Avulsion?Store the tooth in solution to prolong viability of dental cells.
    Cell viability is 30-120 minutes.
  21. 21Treatment for Bruises?Elevate the injured area to alleviate pain.
    Apply ice pack or cold cloth.
    If needed, have patient take a pain reliever such as Tylenol to reduce pain and swelling.
  22. 22When should you consider taking the patient to the hospital, following a bruise?If the bruise appeared on the head, or lasts longer than two weeks.
  23. 23What is the difference between a Sprain and a Strain?Sprains occur in ligaments, such as ankles, wrists, etc.
    Strains result from a torn muscle or tendon, and can arise in the hamstring or thigh, etc.
  24. 24Treatment for Sprains and Strains?Rest the affected area in a sling, crutch or splint.
    Place ice over area to prevent swelling, limit application to 20 minutes unless patient is irritated, -- 10 minutes.
    Apply bandage to the joint or limb and use brace if possible.
    Raise the patient's affected part 12 inches above the heart.
  25. 25What are the three categories of Burn?First degree
    Second degree
    Third degree    What are the three categories of Burn?
  26. 26What are the signs of a First Degree Burn?Persistent pain
    Redness
    Swelling
  27. 27What are the signs of a Second Degree Burn?The burn has breached the first layer of skin, reaching the second.
    Blisters
    Severe pain
    Swelling    What are the signs of a Second Degree Burn?
  28. 28What are the signs of a Third Degree Burn?Charred
    Deeper than the third layer of skin
    Usually not much pain present due to charring of nerve endings.
  29. 29Treatment for First Degree Burns?Keep the burn cool (Wrap in cold cloth or soak in a bath / run under the tap)
    Apply ointment such as Aloe Vera
    Wrap the wound with gauze to prevent infection. (Replace once a day)
    Administer a pain reliever such as Advil
  30. 30Treatment for a Second Degree Burn?If the burn is larger than 3 inches, seek medical attention.
    If the burn is smaller than 3 inches, treat the same as a first degree burn.
    (Keep cool, apply ointment such as Aloe, wrap to avoid infection and replace wrappings once a day, pain reliever such as Advil.)
  31. 31Treatment for a Third Degree Burn?Call 911 or rush patient to hospital.
    Preform CPR if needed
    Do not remove the patient's clothing
    Raise the burn injury above the patient's heart (Increasing blood pressure)
    Cover the injuries in cold, moist cloth.
  32. 32What should you never apply to cool off a burn?Frozen materials or Ice.
    Can cause tissue ischemia.
    Run under cold water, or apply a cold compress if tap unavailable.
  33. 33When do you call EMS for a burn?1. Blistering or broken skin.
    2. Difficulty breathing.
    3. Face, neck, hands, or genitals.
    4. A larger surface area, such as trunk or extremities.
    5. Or, other causes of concern.
  34. 34Electroshock treatments?Call 911 if patient underwent any serious injuries.
    Turn off power source
    Make sure patient is free of all electrical currents before touching the patient.
    Perform CPR if needed
    Move patient away from power supply (Using non-conductive materials if possible)
    If needed, raise patient's legs above their heart to raise blood pressure.
  35. 35Signs of Anaphylaxis?Lowered blood pressure
    Abdominal pain
    Difficulty breathing
    Swelling
    Redness
    Vomiting
    Nausea
  36. 36Treatment for Mild Reaction to Bite or Sting?Use universal precautions
    Remove the stinger
    Apply a cold pack
    Give the patient a pain reliever
    Use an ointment such as Benadryl or other antihistamine solution if necessary.
  37. 37Signs of Mild allergic reaction?Diarrhea
    Swelling
    Cramps
    Nausea
    Vomiting
  38. 38Signs of Severe Allergic Reaction?Difficulty breathing
    Swelling (Lips, throat, etc)
    Nausea
    Vomiting
    Hives
    Rapid heartbeat
    Faintness
    Dizziness
  39. 39Treatment for Severe Allergic Reactions?Administer an auto-injection into the patient (Epipen)
    In the butt or thigh, massage injection for faster response.
    Perform CPR if needed
    Have the patient lay on their side to prevent choking, if necessary.
  40. 40Signs of a Drug overdose?Sleepiness
    Unconsciousness
    Excitement with rapid heartbeat
    Hallucinations
    Impaired judgement, decision-making skills
    Death
    Convulsions
    Delusional behavior
    Abnormal pupil size
    Difficulty Breathing
    Nausea
    Non-reactive pupils
    Vomiting
    Sweating
    Numbness
    Violently aggressive behavior
  41. 41Treatment for Drug Overdose?Check universal precautions
    Check if there's a pulse, -- if not, perform CPR
    Keep patient reassured of their safety
    Check for any Shock symptoms
    For seizures and convulsions, apply first-aid
    Monitor vital signs
    Make sure to document any and all drugs taken and keep the container / label.
    Naloxone should be used in suspected opioid-related respiratory / circulatory arrest who have a pulse but abnormal breathing or only gasping.
  42. 42Naloxone can be used to reverse the effects of what drugs?Fentanyl, oxycodone, heroin, codeine
  43. 43For suspected opioid poisoning, what steps do you take immediately?Check for responsiveness
    Shout for nearby help
    Call EMS
    Get naloxone and an AED if possible.
  44. 44If patient is breathing normally, during a suspected opioid overdose, what steps do you take?To prevent deterioration:
    Tap and shout
    Reposition
    Consider naloxone
    Continue to assess responsiveness and breathing until EMS arrives
  45. 45If the patient is not breathing during a suspected Opioid overdose, what should you do?Start CPR
    Give Naloxone
    Use an AED
    Resume CPR until EMS arrives
  46. 46What are the signs of Poisoning?Vomiting
    Difficulty breathing
    Sleepiness
    Confusion
    Burns (redness) around the mouth
    Chemical odors from the mouth
    Burns on clothing or skin
  47. 47Treatment for Poisoning?Take the patient outside for fresh air
    Have them flush out their mouth
    Read the label of the chemicals that were ingested and read the instructions for poisoning
    Flush the patients eyes and have the skin cleansed if needed
    If the patient isn't breathing, perform CPR.
    If they need medical attention, give EMS the bottle / label of what was ingested.
  48. 48For poison ingestion, what should you never do (unless told by PCC or EMS personnel?)Administer anything by mouth.
  49. 49What are the signs of Alcohol Poisoning?Vomiting
    Hypothermia (Low body temperature)
    Unconsciousness
    Seizures
    Blue-tinged or pale skin
  50. 50Treatment for Alcohol Poisoning?Call 911 if symptoms are present
    (Seizures, blue-tinged or pale skin, hypothermia)
    Move the person away from alcohol
    If they're conscious, encourage them to lie on their side to prevent choking on vomit.
    If unconscious, turn them on their side gently.
  51. 51Symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning?Weakness
    Confusion
    Dizziness
    Loss of consciousness
    Shortness of Breath
    Dull headache
    Vomiting
    Nausea
    Blurred vision
  52. 52What causes Carbon Monoxide Poisoning?Burning wood, propane, or gasoline.
    It quickly accumulates in enclosed spaces.
  53. 53What is Carbon Monoxide Poisoning?Breathing CO at excessive levels, causing it to build up in your bloodstream.
    Often results in severe tissue damage, and even death.
  54. 54Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Treatments?Call 911 or EMS immediately.
    Get fresh air by leaving the affected area.
    If possible, turn off the CO source.
    Perform CPR if the person loses consciousness or stops breathing.
  55. 55What is the National Capital Poison Center hotline?1-800-222-1222
  56. 56What is a Hemorrhage?Loss of blood.
  57. 57What are the four classes of Hemorrhage?Loss of 15% of blood volume
    Loss of 15-30% of blood volume
    Loss of 30-40% of blood volume
    Loss of 40% of blood volume
  58. 58What are the signs of Hemorrhages?15% blood volume - No change in vital signs
    15-30% blood volume - Rapid heart beat. May need saline.
    30-40% blood volume - Drop in blood pressure, rapid heart beat. Blood transfusion necessary.
    40% blood volume - Resuscitation is necessary to prevent Death.
  59. 59Treatment for Hemorrhages?Check for universal precautions.
    Perform CPR if necessary.
    Wrap hemorrhage, if possible.
    Call 911 or bring the patient to the nearest hospital.
  60. 60Nosebleed treatment?If the nosebleed results from a serious injury (broken nose, head injury, etc) call 911.
    If patient falls unconscious or is without a pulse, perform CPR
    If serious, apply pressure for 10 minutes, ensuring patient is breathing through their mouth.
    After applying pressure, make sure to clear the nose cavity.
    If patient is congested, thoroughly wash the cavity or use a decongestant after patient has tried blowing their nose.
  61. 61If the patient undergoes many nosebleeds?It can be a more serious injury than it appears.
    Have them call their doctor to set up an appointment.
  62. 62What is Hypoglycemia?Hypoglycemia is a syndrome which results from low blood sugar.
  63. 63What are the symptoms of Hypoglycemia?Anxiety
    Fatigue
    Heart palpitations
    Hunger
    Irritability
    Pale skin
    Shakiness
    Sweating
    Tingling sensation around the mouth (May vary from person to person)
    As it worsens, the symptoms worsen, and may present:
    Abnormal behavior
    Blurred vision
    Confusion
    Seizures
    Unable to perform routine tasks
    Unconsciousness
  64. 64Treatment for Hypoglycemia?For symptomatic hypoglycemia, provide a oral glucose tablet.
    If oral glucose tablet is unavailable, provide other foods and liquids containing sugars such as fructose, sucrose, and oligonucleotides.
  65. 65What should you do if you suspect someone is choking?Ask if they're choking, -- Often it can simply be a case of coughing.
  66. 66How do you handle choking in patients 12 months or younger? (Infants)Rest the patient on your forearm, face down, while resting your forearm on your thigh.
    Perform 5 thumps with the heel of your hand upon the infant's back.
    If they are still choking, turn the infant over, face up, and with 2 fingers on the breastplate, perform 5 chest compressions.
    Repeat process until the object is dislodged.
  67. 67How do you handle choking in children and adults?Perform the Heimlich maneuver.
    Stand behind the person.
    Lean the person slightly forward, and warp your arms around their waist
    Next, press hard with a closed fist into the abdomen, then grab your first with your other hand.
    Perform 5 quick thrusts.
    If the obstruction isn't cleared, repeat the cycle.    How do you handle choking in children and adults?
  68. 68How to address Choking in an unconscious person?Lay the patient on their back
    Clear the patient's airway, if needed, finger swipe the patient's mouth to remove any foreign objects.
    If you can't see or take the object out of the patient's mouth, perform CPR.
    Chest compressions will most likely clear the patient's airway.
    If patient is still is not showing signs of life, call 911 and continue compressions.
  69. 69Frostbite Symptoms?Cold skin
    White, red, or greyish yellow skin
    Clumsiness as a result of muscle stiffness
    Numbness
    Hard-looking skin
    Blistering after rewarming, in severe cases
  70. 70Treatment for Mild Frostbite?Get out of the cold
    Protect skin, if affected area has thawed, wrap to prevent re-freezing. If you suspect they may freeze again, avoid thawing all together.
    Gently rewarm affected areas by soaking in warm water (105-110F) for 20 minutes.
    Drink warm liquids such as Coffee or Tea.
  71. 71What is Hypothermia?The body is below 95F.
    Occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce energy. Affects the nervous system.
    Often from being immersed in cold water.
  72. 72Treatment for Hypothermia?If patient's clothing is wet, remove it and replace it with something Warm and dry.
    Perform rescue breaths if patient is Unconscious. If unable to, perform chest compressions.
    If possible, give patient warm beverage and warm, dry compress. (Hot water in a bag to hold or cover patient with, or hot rice)
    Do NOT apply direct heat.
  73. 73How to treat Dehydration?Have patient re-hydrate with carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) drinks.
    Ingestion of fluids 5-8% will facilitate hydration.
    Other drinks: Coconut water and 2% milk. If other drinks unavailable, water may be used.
  74. 74Severe dehydration treatment?If the patient is in a life-threatening situation or severely dehydrated, call EMS. They will be able to provide an intravenous hydration method.
  75. 75What are the symptoms of Heat Exhaustion?Heavy sweating
    Faintness
    Muscle cramps
    Dizziness
    Nausea
    Headache
    Weakness
    Rapid pulse
  76. 76Treatment for Heat Exhaustion?Move patient out of heat and into air-conditioning or shady area.
    Lay them down.
    Ensure legs and feet are slightly elevated
    Remove any heavy or tight clothing
    Give person cool water or non-alcoholic drink.
    Cool them by fanning or spraying water.
  77. 77Symptoms of Heat Stroke?High body temperature (104F or higher)
    Nausea
    Vomiting
    Headache
    Confusion
    Slurred speech
    Agitation or Irritability
    Rapid and shallow breathing
    Flushed skin
    Racing heart rate
  78. 78Treatment of Heat Stroke?Move patient out of heat
    Remove any heavy or excess clothing
    Cool them by spraying cold water, placing them in a tub of cold water, or fanning.
    Give cool drink to re-hydrate.
    Avoid alcohol and caffeine, as well as overly cold drinks to prevent stomach cramps.
    Perform CPR if they show no signs of breathing.
  79. 79Symptoms of Asthma?Tightness and pain in chest
    Trouble sleeping as a result of wheezing
    Coughing
    Shortness of Breath
    Wheezing when exhaling
    Wheezing or coughing that gets worse during respiratory virus, such as flu.
  80. 80Treatment for Asthma attack?Help patient sit in comfortable position
    Loosen any tight clothing
    Help them take their asthma medication (Inhaler)
    If they don't have any medication, call 911.
  81. 81What is Hyphema?Bleeding inside the eye
    (In the front chamber or cornea)    What is Hyphema?
  82. 82Treatment for Black eye?Apply a cold pack or ice pack to reduce swelling
    If blood is visible in the eye, seek medical attention.
    If patient has any vision problems or any blood leakage from the eye, seek medical attention immediately.
  83. 83Treatment for Foreign objects in the eye?Make sure your hands are clean
    Pull lower lid down while having patient look up and down.
    Clean patient's eye with saline solution or water.
    Call 911 or take to the hospital if you're unable to remove the object, if it's embedded, if there are any abnormalities, or if there is persistent pain.
  84. 84Treatment for Chemical Splash in eye?Have patient run their eyes under lukewarm water for at least 20 minutes.
    Remove contact lenses, if needed.
    Call 911 or take to the hospital if there is persistent pain.
    Take the bottle or label with the name of the chemical to the hospital.
  85. 85Severe Concussion symptoms?Vomiting more than once
    Unequal pupils
    Having / Had a seizure
    Unable to balance
    Slurred speech
    Neck and or Spinal pain
    Very drowsy
    Has weakness on one side of the body
  86. 86Treatment for Concussion?Make patient stop activity
    Allow patient to rest
    To prevent worsening of the injury, apply ice wrapped in washcloth.
    Treat pain with acetaminophen (Tylenol), aspirin or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).
    (Note, it may make bruising worse.)
    Monitor symptoms, and if any severe concussion symptoms are present, call EMS immediately.
    Perform CPR if needed.
  87. 87Severe head injury symptoms?Seizure
    Slurred speech
    Uneven pupil sizes
    Loss of coordination
    Loss of balance (Tell patient to sit down)
    Confusion
    Discoloration on the face
    Severe headache
    Severe bleeding from the head, nose, ears, or face.
    (Call 911 immediately.)
  88. 88Treatment of Head Injury?Do not remove any articles of clothing off the patient
    Unless absolutely necessary, do not move the patient.
    Cover the wound if blood is immense, but DO NOT apply pressure.
    Call 911 and perform CPR if the patient is without a pulse and unconscious, or non-responsive.
  89. 89Treatment for Spinal Injury?If ANY suspicion of spinal injury, do NOT move the patient.
    Call 911
    Prevent movement.
    Perform CPR if necessary.
    If no pulse, perform chest compressions.
    Do not remove any items from the patient.
    If patient is vomiting or is bleeding from the mouth or nose, turn the patient on their side only if there are two responders.
    Make sure to move the patient following movement, extremely gently.
  90. 90Symptoms of Spinal Injury?Has had a head injury
    Back pain
    Any numbness
    Lacks control of:
    - Limbs
    - Bladder
    - Bowels
  91. 91What causes Shock?Poisoning, blood loss, burns, heat stroke, trauma, or other serious medical incident.
  92. 92Symptoms of Shock?Cold or Clammy skin
    Unconsciousness
    Poor responsiveness
    Dilated pupils
    Nausea
  93. 93Treatment for Shock?If patient is unconscious, call 911 and perform CPR.
    If patient is child or infant, perform CPR for two minutes, then call 911.
    Make sure to lay patient down with feet 12 inches above the heart.
    Check for C-A-B's.
    If needed, put patient on their side to prevent choking.
    Check for other injuries.
  94. 94Symptoms of Seizure?Dizziness
    Faintness
    Uncontrolled bowel movement
    Breathing difficulties
    Unconsciousness
    Unresponsiveness
    Arching of the back
    Clenching of teeth
  95. 95Treatment of Seizure?Check universal precautions
    Remove any life-threatening objects
    Loosen clothing
    If patient is unconscious or unresponsive, perform CPR.
    Call 911 and follow orders from them.
    Do NOT restrain patient unless they are going to hurt themselves or others.
  96. 96What is the CPSS Stroke Scale?Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale,
    Tool to assess stroke patient
    If 1 out of 3 examinations occurs, there is a 72% probability of a Stroke.
  97. 97What are the CPSS Stroke Scale assessments?Facial Droop Assessment
    Arm drift assessment
    Speech assessment
  98. 98What is the Facial Droop Assessment (CPSS)Ask patient to Smile
    Normal: Patient's cheeks move equally on both sides
    Abnormal: Patient's face moves unequally on both sides.
  99. 99What is the Arm Drift Assessment? (CPSS)Have patient raise both arms at shoulder length for 10 seconds
    Normal: Both arms equally move together
    (another condition might occur: pronator drift)
    Abnormal: Arms fail to respond equally
  100. 100What is the Speech assessment? (CPSS)Ask the patient a question
    Normal: Patient does not slur and answers correctly
    Abnormal: Patient is mute, using abnormal words, or slurring.
  101. 101What are the CPR C-B-A's?C - Circulation, compressions
    A - Airway, Clear the airway
    B - Breathing, mouth to mouth
  102. 102Where should you place your hands while performing CPR?Fingers interlocked, where the ribs meet. (Between the nipples)
    Infants - just below the nipples
  103. 103CPR Compressions How do you hold your hands and arms when performing compressions?Kneel beside the patient's shoulders
    Lock elbows, interlock fingers on both hands
    Compress with your body weight 2 inches
    Let chest rise after each compression
  104. 104When to Stop CPR?• When you’re too exhausted to continue
    • Broken ribs, lung collapses, etc.
    • If an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is accessible
    • If Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrives

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N/A First Aid Flashcards on First aid - National CPR foundation, created by cole k on 25/08/2024.
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cole k
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