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Flashcards

Exam 1

Emma Rodosevich English 76 cards

Cards in this deck (76)

  1. 1EnvironmentAll the living and nonliving things around us.
  2. 2Emergence of Environmental SciencePeople realized we need to balance human progress with protecting and sustaining the natural environment.
  3. 3Environmental ScienceCombines biology, chemistry, physics, and social sciences to study the natural world and how humans interact with the environment.
  4. 4EnvironmentalismA social movement focused on raising awareness and advocating for the protection and conservation of the natural environment.
  5. 5Differences between Environmental Science and EnvironmentalismEnvironmental Science pursues knowledge about the environment and interactions, employs the scientific method, remains objective. While Environmentalism is a social movement aimed at protecting the natural world from human-based changes.
  6. 6Sound ScienceCareful and objective use of the scientific method to conduct research and gather evidence about the natural world.
  7. 7Scientific Method StepsObservation, Hypothesis, Experimentation, Data Analysis, Conclusion.
  8. 8Scientific MethodA series of steps to collect information or solve problems.
  9. 9HypothesisAn educated guess about the cause of an observation.
  10. 10Null HypothesisPredicts no effect or relationship between variables.
  11. 11Alternative HypothesisProposes a relationship or difference between variables.
  12. 12Null Hypothesis ExampleThere is no difference in reading comprehension between students who use audiobooks and those who do not.
  13. 13Alternative Hypothesis ExampleStudents who cram before a test have worse test results than those who study a week in advance.
  14. 14Theodore Roosevelt ContributionsPlayed a major role in the conservation of public lands and establishment of national parks.
  15. 15Vandana Shiva ContributionsAdvocate for small farmers and the preservation of biodiversity, focusing on the effects of the Green Revolution.
  16. 16MatterAnything that occupies space, has mass, and is composed of atoms.
  17. 17EnergyDoes not have mass or occupy space.
  18. 18EcologyThe scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
  19. 19Law of Conservation of MatterStates that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
  20. 20Law of Conversion of EnergyStates that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted.
  21. 21Ecological ScalesIndividuals → Species → Populations → Communities → Ecosystems → Biosphere.
  22. 22Energy FlowTransfer of energy from the sun through different trophic levels in an ecosystem.
  23. 23Hydrological CycleContinuous movement and redistribution of water through the environment.
  24. 24Biogeochemical CyclesDistribution and movement of chemical elements and nutrients through the environment.
  25. 25Community DynamicsStudy of interactions and relationships between different species within a community.
  26. 26Abiotic FactorsNon-living things.
  27. 27Biotic FactorsLiving things.
  28. 28CommunityAll the life that might live in that area.
  29. 29PopulationMembers of the same species living in the same area.
  30. 30SpeciesA group of individuals that share certain characteristics.
  31. 31EutrophicationA process triggered by excess nitrogen and phosphorus in aquatic ecosystems.
  32. 32Limiting NutrientsChemical elements present in small quantities, essential for growth.
  33. 33HabitatA place where a species is adapted to live.
  34. 34Ecological NicheConditions and resources a species needs to survive and reproduce.
  35. 35Different Species Interaction - CompetitionDifferent populations/species compete for the same resources.
  36. 36Different Species Interaction - PredationOne population eats another population.
  37. 37Different Species Interaction - SymbiosisOverlapping relationship between organisms of two species.
  38. 38Effects of Environmental Conditions on Species SurvivalSpecies evolve adaptations to specific conditions; changes can threaten survival.
  39. 39Tropical Rainforest Climate20C or 77F, Precipitation 180-400 cm, Vegetation: Broadleaf, evergreen, multilayered canopy.
  40. 40Arctic and Alpine Tundra Climate2-3 Months above freezing, Precipitation 15-180 cm, Vegetation: Few trees, dwarf shrubs, mosses.
  41. 41Desert ClimateWarm, Cold, and Polar, Precipitation 2-25 cm, Vegetation: Grasses, shrubs, lichens.
  42. 42DisturbanceDrives changes in an ecosystem, altering conditions and displacing community members.
  43. 43Ecological DisturbancesEvents disrupting the structure and function of an ecosystem.
  44. 44Examples of Ecological DisturbancesFire, Flooding, Volcanic Eruptions.
  45. 45Anthropogenic DisturbancesChanges driven by human activities.
  46. 46Examples of Anthropogenic DisturbancesInvasive species, forest clearing, pollution.
  47. 47Ecological SuccessionTransition from one biotic community to another.
  48. 48Primary SuccessionBeginning step of ecological succession where species colonize an uninhabited site.
  49. 49Secondary SuccessionEcological process of community redevelopment after a habitat disturbance.
  50. 50Process of Aquatic SuccessionBegins with soil erosion into water, leading to vegetation growth and eventual terrestrial replacement.
  51. 51Biological WealthEcosystem services and capital derived from the natural environment.
  52. 52BiodiversityThe variety of life on the planet.
  53. 53Species DiversityDiversity of different species.
  54. 54Genetic DiversityDiversity within species.
  55. 55Ecosystem DiversityDiversity of different habitats and ecosystems.
  56. 56Threats to Biodiversity - HIPPOH - Habitat Destruction, I - Invasive Species, P - Pollution, P - Population, O - Overexploitation.
  57. 57H - Habitat DestructionDestruction and fragmentation due to human activities.
  58. 58I - Invasive SpeciesNon-native species disrupting indigenous ecosystems.
  59. 59P - PollutionDegradation caused by chemical pollutants.
  60. 60P - PopulationRapid human population growth increasing pressure on resources.
  61. 61O - OverexploitationExcessive harvesting threatening species survival.
  62. 62Example of Efforts to Protect Biodiversity - CITESInternational agreement to prevent illegal trade of endangered species.
  63. 63Example of Efforts to Protect Biodiversity - Endangered Species ActAct to identify, protect, and recover endangered species.
  64. 64Endemic SpeciesSpecies found in a specific habitat and nowhere else.
  65. 65Keystone SpeciesSpecies that play a large role in maintaining ecosystem structure.
  66. 66Invasive SpeciesNon-native organisms causing harm by disrupting balance.
  67. 67Intrinsic ValueValue of a species or ecosystem by existing, regardless of usefulness.
  68. 68Instrumental ValueValue based on benefits and services provided to humans.
  69. 69Ecosystem Goods and ServicesBenefits obtained from natural ecosystems.
  70. 70Contrast Productive and Consumptive UseConsumptive use is for personal consumption; productive use is for profit.
  71. 71Ecosystem ValuationAssigning value to goods and services provided by ecosystems.
  72. 72Effect of Climatic Factors on Biome FormationTemperature and precipitation patterns largely determine biome development.
  73. 73BiomeLarge-scale ecological zone characterized by climate and vegetation.
  74. 74Define a Biome and Contrast with EcosystemBiome is large-scale, defined by climate; ecosystem is a smaller unit with organisms and their interactions.
  75. 75EcosystemCommunity of living organisms interacting with each other and their environment.
  76. 76A Hypothesis Must BeClear, testable, measurable, contain independent and dependent variables.

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Flashcards on Exam 1, created by Emma Rodosevich on 30/10/2024.
Created by
Emma Rodosevich · Oct 2024
Updated
Oct 30, 2024
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