Flashcards
Mental Abilities
Cards in this deck (12)
- 1What three factors underpin the Implicit theory of intelligence?Intelligence is made up of 3 aspects:
Verbal intelligence - good vocabulary, proficient in conversation about a wide variety of topics
Problem solving - makes good decision, plans ahead
Practical intelligence - awareness of a social situation, responsive to social cues, interest in the world at large - 2What is an explicit theory of intelligence?An explicit theory is founded upon data that has been collected from people that perform intelligence-measuring tasks. We can measure the whole domain (GI) or a subset of (CI, verbal intelligence).
- 3Describe the 4 prominent Theories of Intelligence/ Metaphors of the Mind.1. Geographic (psychometric) - map analogy. Illustrates the structure of intelligence through factor analysis to show the relationships between different cognitive processes
2. Epistemological - developmental understanding as proposed by Piaget
3. Computational - information processing. Demonstrates the process of cognitive processes
4. Contextualist - shows the impact of different contexts, experience and acquired knowledge on performance and learning - 4The IQ test (or rather Binet's scale) was invented to assess children in need of remedial education. What did the test do and what did it demonstrate?Binet was commissioned to develop a set of techniques that would be able to identify children with impaired academic performance.
He constructed a series of tasks that involved basic reasoning that would be prevalent in everyday tasks.
Particular age levels, the youngest biological age at which the task could be completed by, were assigned for each task.
Once results were analysed, a mental age was assigned to the participant.
The IQ test enabled Binet to conclude that intelligence was not fixed, but modifiable and with sound education, could be augmented. - 5Binet refused to define his IQ test scores as a measure of innate intelligence. In contrast, Goddard used the scores as a single identifier or innate intelligence. How did he modify Binet's test?Goddard modified Binet's test to screen incoming immigrants to the US.
He postulated that new immigrants were morons and that their rapid breeding had lead to a degeneration in the human race.
Results of the IQ test classified participants into categories, based on their mental age:
< 2 = Idiots
3 - 7 = Imbeciles
8 - 12 = Feeble-minded
Highest functioning mentally retarded = Moron - 6What was the problem regarding use of the mental age in Binet's scale? How was this problem resolved?The mental age did not take into account intellectual performance across different age groups.
A mentally retarded 18 year old and a 7 year old, both with a mental age of 9, could have qualitatively different intellects.
This problem was resolved through the introduction of the IQ (intelligence quotient) = mental age / chronological age (%). This means that the IQ of an individual will be the same across all age groups. - 7Are there any complications with the use of IQ?Yes.
This only works under the assumption that mental age increases proportionally to chronological age.
It also gives an appearance of stability in IQ. - 8Intelligence is a psychological construct, and like with any construct, it must be operationally defined. What are two ways we can measure intelligence?Intelligence can be measured through:
Observable variables (Manifest) - what we can see, behaviours, test scores, responses
Unobservable variables (Latent) - what we infer, traits, abilities, states - 9The Stanford-Binet test is the current standardised test measuring intelligence. What does it measure? And what is the SAS (standard average score)?It measures:
Verbal reasoning - vocabulary, verbal reasoning
STM - memory for digits, sentences, objects
Quantitative reasoning - number series, equation building
Abstract/ visual reasoning - pattern analyses, matrices, paper folding and cutting
SAS has a mean = 100, SD = 16 - 10Outline the process of a Stanford-Binet test.1. Vocabulary test to determine entry level into all other tests
2. Establishment of a basal and ceiling level
Basal = four items on two levels being passed
Ceiling = 3 or more items on consecutive levels failed (test discontinued)
3. Scoring which adheres to specific guidelines
4. Raw score = item # of highest test - total # items failed - 11Explain the data above in terms of factor analysis.Single factor analysis - there is a high positive manifold in tests 1,2,3,4,5,6. This suggests that there is a common underlying factor, G.
Thurstone's primary mental abilities - in further detail, tests 1,2,3 and tests 4,5,6 appear subtly uncorrelated. G is made up of verbal meaning (1,2,3) and reasoning (4,5,6). - 12Explain the Gf-Gc theory and distinguish between the two terms.The Gf-Gc theory proposes that general intelligence is made up of fluid intelligence and crystallised intelligence.
Gf refers to the ability to understand relations between things. It is non-verbal, inductive and deductive reasoning. It increases, peaks in young adulthood and declines with old age.
Gc refers to acquired knowledge and skills that has accumulated through culture and formal/ informal education. It increases and plateaus in adulthood.
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- Tertiary Education Semester 2, 2015 (PSYC1002) Flashcards on Mental Abilities, created by Ani Av on 17/11/2015.
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