Flashcards
Respiratory System 214101
Cards in this deck (53)
- 1Nasal ConchaeS=Folds inside the nasal cavity
F=air spirals around them for warming, sending particles into mucous on nasal meatus for cilia to sweep to throat/pharynx - 2Nasal MeatusS=Air passageways containing mucous & cilia L= under conchae
F=filtration/warming/humidifying air - 3Hard palateS=palatine/maxillary bones
L=anterior portion of nasal cavity floor
F=seperates - 4Soft PalateS=muscle
L=posterior portion of nasal cavity floor
F=manages airflow - 5SinusesS=air filled cavities
F=produce mucous, lighten skull & resonate sound - 6PharynxThroat H
3 sections;
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx - 7NasopharynxL=nasal cavity meets throat
S=pseudostratisfied ciliated columnar epithelium
F=pharyngeal tonsil-protection/immunity
auditory tubes-pressure equalisation - 8OropharynxL=oral cavity meets throat
S=non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
F=epithelial protection (food presence)
paletine & lingual tonsils-protection/immunity - 9LaryngopharynxL=larynx (voice box) meets pharynx
S=non-keratinised stratisfied squamous epithelium
F-epithelial protection (food presence)
connect oesophagus with larynx - 10LarynxVoice box-'think lyrix-L)
L=connects pharynx to trachea
S=Hyaline cartilage
F=epiglottis closes of airway when swallowing
inferior glottis folds hold vocal cords - 11Trachea/windpipeL=anterior to oesophagus
S=C shaped hyaline cartilage F= holds open
S=pseudo ciliated columnar epitheliumF=sweep up to pharynx-goblet cells within F=produce mucous - 12UvulaL=hanging from back of throat
S=muscular piece of tissue, tear shaped
F=prevent food & liquid entering nasal cavity during swallowing
& speech & saliva - 13Lobes of lungsRegions separated by fissures
Right lung 3 lobes
L only 2 due to heart/cardiac notch - 14Pleural MembraneL=surrounds each lung
Inner Visceral pleura sticks to lung
Outer partietal pleura sticks to wall
pleural cavity between filled with fluid for lubrication/movement
Think 'slides of glass example' - 15Conducting Zonenose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles & terminal bronchioles
F=warm/moisten/filter air & deliver to/ from respiratory zone - 16Main (primary) bronchiBranch off from Carina
there are 2 - 17Lobar (secondary) bronchibranch off from main bronchi
Left lung has 2
Right lung has 3 - 18Segmental (tertiary) bronchusbranch off from lobar bronchi
each lung has 10 - 19CarinaL=at end of trachea seperates main bronchi
Sensitive point
F=cough reflex - 20Terminal BronchiolesBottom of the bronchial tree
Contain no cilia or mucous cells, macrophages instead
no cartilage, smooth muscle to control airflow
Divide into respiratory bronchioles in resp zone - 21The Respiratory ZoneResp bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs &alveoli
F=Gas exchange - 22Respiratory BronchioleLinks up with the terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts-sacs-alveoli
- 23AlveoliWhere gas exchange happens
Type 1 Alveolar cell simple squamous against capillary (simple squamous/tunica intima)=rapid diffusion - 24Respiratory Membrane4 layers S=
Capillary endothelium-simple squamous
Capillary basement membrane
Alveolar-epithelial basement membrane
Type 1 Alveolar Cell-simple squamous
F==allow rapid diffusion of gases - 25Respirationprocess of gas exchange
- 26Pulmonary Ventilation'breathing'
mechanical flow of air into (inhalation) and out of lung (exhalation) - 27External RespirationL=at lungs
gas exchange between lungs (air) & capillaries (blood) - 28Internal Respirationgas exchange between capillaries (blood) & other tissues (cells) eg ATP & CO2 production
Cellular Respiration happens alongside - 29Cellular RespirationHappens alongside Internal Respiration
L=within cell
metabolic process during ATP production-consumes O2 & releases CO2 & H2O - 30Thoracic CavityEnclosed space formed by ribcage and diaphram underneath
Pressure within can be changed eg diaphram contracting - 31Boyle's Lawwhat drives pulmonary ventilation
relationship between volume and pressure
When volume goes down pressure goes up and vice versa - 32Quiet InhalationInhalation at rest
Diaphram contracts inferiorly & flattens
atmospheric pressure 760mmHg
alveolas 758mmHg (sub atmospheric) pressure moves down gradient - 33Forced InhalationTimes of stress/exertion/exercise
Larger change in pressure driven by diaphram + external intercostals & neck muscles contract (internal relax)
=rapid increase in volume
higher gradient between atmospheric & alveolar pressure - 34Quiet ExhalationPassive process no muscle contraction
Diaphram & elastic tissue relax and recoil
volume drop thoracic cavity
pressure up alveola-higher than atmospheric so air move down gradient until equal - 35Forced Exhalationlarger & faster change driven by external intercostals & neck muscles relax, internals & abdominals contract=lowers ribcage
thoracic cavity volume drops, alveola pressure rises=more air leaves lungs faster - 36Respiratory VolumesTidal volume (TV)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Residual Volume (RV) - 37Tidal Volume@ rest usually 500ml
- 38Inspiratory Reserve VolumeVolume of forced inhalation
- 39Expiratory Reserve VolumeVolume of forced exhalation
- 40Reserve VolumeWhat's left after ERV
- 41Inspiratory CapacityTidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume
- 42Vital CapacityTotal air we can move in & out of lung
TV+IRV+ERV - 43Total Lung CapacityTV+IRV+ERV+RV
- 44Respiratory Rate# breath per minute (12 average)
- 45Minute Volume (ventilation)total volume of air inhaled & exhaled per minute
Resp rate x TV=12 x 500ml=6L per min @ rest - 46Daltons LawThink 'pushing car' analogy 'datsun'
How gases act within mixture
partial pressure can be calculated; gases % x 760mmHg (atmospheric pressure) - 47Henry's LawThink 'soda stream'
How gas moves into/out of mixture
A gas can move into/out of blood dependant on gradient/PP. Factors influencing solubility;PP up more dissolves
Temp of liquid up solubility down
solubility of the gas in liquid - 48Internal RespirationGas exchange @ capillaries
Henry's law-gas moving down PP gradient.
O2 moves from high pressure within capillaries to low pressure in muscles
Co2 does the opposite due to ATP production in muscle tissue (biproduct of ATP production) - 49External RespirationGas exchange @ lung
Henrys Law-gas moving down PP gradient.
O2 moves from high pressure in alveolus into low pressure in capillary
Co2 does the opposite, goes in to alveolus for expiration - 50Factors Influencing Gas ExchangeDaltons law of partial pressures-gases move from high pp to low pp
Henry's law of pp gradients
High Temperature&Acidity/Ph&PP of Co2 increase release of haemaglobin - 51Define pHThe acidity/presence of hydrogen ions
7 neutral
A lower pH indicates higher acidity
higher pH indicates lower acidity - 52The control of RespirationCarbon Dioxide
Body needs to expell as much CO2 as is entering because inc. CO2 inc. Hydrogen ions (H+) which inc. acidity & lowers pH
Body needs to remain at 7.35-7.45 pH of blood - 53Buffer Systems of pHBody regulates acid base by;
the respiratory system (short term)
the renal system (releasing hydrogen and bicarbonate ions in urine) (long term)
Blood buffers (immediate)
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- human bioscience Flashcards on Respiratory System 214101, created by Kerstin Schmidt on 16/03/2026.
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- Kerstin Schmidt
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