Flashcards
Thorax 3
Cards in this deck (34)
- 1What is the location of the heart in the thorax?Within the pericardial sac, within the middle mediastinum of the inferior mediastinum
- 2What surface of the heart is visible anteriorly?Right ventricle
Small portion of the left ventricle - 3What surfaces are on the base of the heart?Left atrium
Portion of the right atrium
Proximal part of the SVC,IVC, 4 pulmonary veins - 4What is the vertebral level of the base of the heart?Fixed to the pericardial sac
Opposite vertebral bodies of TV-TVIII - 5What surfaces are found on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart?Left ventricle
Portion of the right ventricle
Right and left ventricles are separated by the interventricular groove - 6What separates the base from the diaphragmatic surface?Coronary sulcus
- 7What is found on the right pulmonary surface of the heart?Right atrium
- 8What is found on the left pulmonary surface?Left ventricle
a portion of the left atrium - 9What is the inferior margin of the heart?Sharp edge between the anterior and diaphragmatic surfaces of the heart
Line running from the right ventricle to the apex of the heart
Consists mostly of right ventricle and a portion of left ventricle at the apex - 10What is the obtuse margin of the heart?Separates the anterior surface from the left pulmonary surface
round line
extends from the left auricle to the apex of the heart
Superiorly consists of a portion of left auricle and the rest is left ventricle - 11What are the left and right margins of the heart?Left margin=Left pulmonary surface=Left ventricle and a portion of left atrium
Right margin=right pulmonary surface=Right atrium - 12Describe the direction of the right vagus nerveEnters superior mediastinum between the brachiocephalic trunk and the brachiocephalic vein
Descends posteriorly towards trachea
Crosses the lateral surface of the trachea
Passes posterior to the root of the right lung
Descends posteriorly toward oesophagus, before doing so passes the arch of the azygous vein
Right vagus nerve then gives branches to the esophagus, pulmonary plexus, cardiac plexus - 13Describe the direction of the left vagus nerveEnters the superior mediastinum between the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery
Descends on the left side of the aortic arch
Descends posteriorly behind to the root of the left lung, towards the oesophagus
branches to the oesophagus, pulmonary plexus and cardiac plexus
inferior to the arch of the aorta, branches to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
left recurrent laryngeal nerve arises lateral to the ligament arteriosum
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve ascends within a grove between the trachea and the esophagus
ascends up the neck and terminates at the larynx - 14Describe the location of the right phrenic nerve in the thoraxEnters SM lateral to the right vagus nerve and posterior to the beginning go the left brachiocephalic vein
Descends lateral to the branchiocephalic vein and SVC
Enters the pericardial sac on the right side, anterior to the root of the right lung
Descends within the fibrous pericardium on the right side
Passes through the diaphragm through the canal opening along with the IVC
Descent through diaphragm is accompanied by the pericardiacophrenic arteries - 15Describe the location of the left phrenic nerveEnters SM lateral to the left vagus nerve and posterior to the left branchiocephalic vein
Descends superfically to the left vagus nerve and the left superior intercostal vein
Runs laterally within the fibrous pericardium on the left side, anterior to the root of the right lung
pierces the diaphragm near the apex - 16What is pericarditis?Inflammatory conidition of the pericardium
Caused by bacterial and viral infections, systemic illness such as chronic renal failure and after a myocardialk infarction
Presents chest pain that may radiate to one or both arms
Pain can be eleviated by sitting forward - 17How do you distinguish between myocardial infarction and pericarditis? Why is it important to do so?Electrocardiogram
Prognosis and treatment are very different - 18What is a pericardial effusion?Excess fluid within the pericardial cavity (Between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium)
Causes compression on the heart (cardiac tamponade)
Can lead to biventricular failure - 19What is biventricular failure?When either side of the heart fails to pump blood around the pulmonary OR systemic circulations effectively
- 20How can a pericardial effusion be relieved?Via placing a needle into the pericardial cavity and draining the excess fluid out
When inserting the needle you must place it on the superior border of the below rib to avoid intercostal nerves and vessels - 21What is a cardiac tamponade?Pressure on the heart occuring within the pericardial cavity faster than the heart can distend
Due to the fibrous pericardium the heart cant distend alot
therefore pressure causes the heart to be squished leading to biventricular failuer
Can be due to puss, fluid, blood, lymph or gas in the pericardial cavity - 22Describe the right coronary arteryOriginates from the right aortic sinus of the aascending aorta
Descends anteriorly and then vertically in the coronary sulcus
When reaching inferior margin of the heart, it runs posteriorly within the coronary sulcus of the diaphragmatic and base of the heart - 23What are the branches of the right coronary arteryatrial branch that becomes the sinu-atrial nodal branch
Right marginal branch-continues towards the apex
Posterior interventricular branch - 24Describe the left coronary arteryOriginates from the lefft aortic sinus
Runs anteriorly between the pulmmonary trunk and left auricle
Before entering the coronary sulcus it divides into the left circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular branch - 25Describe the branches of the left coronary arteryLeft circumflex branch runs within the left coronary sulcus and runs along in the posterior coronary sulcus between the diaphragmatic and base of the heart
Ends before reaching the posterior interventricular bracnh
Gives rise to the lefft marginal branch that runs along the obtuse margin of the heart - 26What does the right coronary artery supply?Right atrium
Sino atrial node
Interatrial septum
Atrioventricular node
Right ventricle - 27What does the left coronary artery supply?L
- 28What 4 major coronary veins drain into the coronary sinus?Great cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Posterior cardiac vein - 29Describe the great cardiac veinBegins at the apex of the heart
Ascends anteriorly within the anterior coronary sulcus-it is often called the anterior interventricular vein at this point
Ascends to coronary sulcus
Turns left and runs within the coronary sulcus posteriorly between the base and diaphragmatic surface
Continues within coronary sulcus, enlarges and drains into coronary sinus - 30Describe the middle cardiac veinBegins on the diaphragmatic surface at the apex of the heart
Ascends within the posterior interventricular sulcus-often called the posterior interventricular vein at this point
Ascennds and drains into coronary sinus - 31Describe the small cardiac veinBegins on the lower right anterior section of the coronary sulcus
Runs posteriorly within coronary sulcus between diaphragmatic and base
Drains into coronary sinus
May recieve drainage from the right marginal veins - 32Describe the posterior cardiac veinLies on posterior surface of the left ventricle to the left of the middle cardiac vein
Either drains into coronary sinus directly OR drains into great cardiac vein - 33Describe the rightarise from the anterior surface f the right ventricle
Cross the coronary sinus
Drain the anterior surface of the right ventricle into the right atrium - 34What is a coronary bypass graft?Use of great saphenous vein to provide alternative routes for coronary arteries, bypassing any blockages
Harvest pieces of the great saphenous vein (or internal thoracic and radial arteries)
Uses pieces to bypass the blockages within the heart
Information
- Description
- Degree Anatomy Flashcards on Thorax 3, created by Joe carlow on 28/12/2015.
- Created by
- Joe carlow
- Views
- 0
- Rating