Flashcards
Hypertension
Cards in this deck (17)
- 1WHAT IS IDIOPATHIC HYPERTENSION?*Common and usually progressive disorder *high mortality because increased probability of coronary thrombosis, stroke and renal failure
- 2WHAT ARE IDENTIFIABLE CAUSES OF HYPERTENSION?Renal disease or Endocrine tumours
- 3WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF HYPERTENSION?Essential hypertension has no known cause
- 4WHAT IS NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE?‘Normal’ blood pressure 120/80mmHg (systolic/diastolic)
- 5WHAT IS BORDERLINE HYPERTENSION?140/90 mmHg is considered borderline
- 6WHAT IS HYPERTENSION A RISK FACTOR OF?CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD)
- 7WHAT IS CHD?CHD refers to the block of blood flow through the coronary arteries (that supply the heart muscle with blood)
- 8WHAT OTHER KEY FACTORS INFLUENCE HYPERTENSION?Salt intake and obesity are key factors in influencing hypertension
- 9Why is hypertension a risk factor for cardiovascular disease??1)pressure at its greatest as it leaves heart via aorta. Coronary arteries branch off from aorta
2)Bifurcations(DIVISIONS INTO TWO) in coronary arteries produces turbulent flow
3) High pressure and turbulence combine to produce mechanical damage to lining of coronary blood vessels - 10wHAT IS ATHEROSCLEROSIS?Atherosclerosis describes a pathology beginning with endothelial cell damage
- 11HOW DOES THE DAMAGE TO ENDOTHELIAL CELLS CAUSE ATHEROSCLEROSIS?The damage produces inflammation and the accumulation of lipids developing into a ‘plaque’
The changing structure of the intima of the blood vessel means a change in its function ie. More likely to have a thrombus form on the plaque blocking blood flow and leading to myocardial ischaemia - 12HOW IS HYPERTENSION TREATED?A number of different drug groups targeting a number of organs which control blood pressure
drugs to interfere with the physiology of blood pressure control until we get a result (‘hit and miss’ approach)
treatment involves taking a number of drugs for the rest of your life - 13What are the ABCD drugs used to treat hypertension?A= Ace inhibitors
B= Beta blockers
C= Calcium antagonists
D= Diuretics - 14How do ACE inhibitors function?*Block the formation of angiotensin II
Reduces vasoconstriction – vasodilatory effect
*Reduce blood volume by preventing the effect of aldosterone (which would normally facilitate reabsorption of Na+)
*Block the release of anti-diuretic hormone so that water can be excreted
*Prevent sensation of ‘thirst’ - 15How do Beta blockers function?*b-receptors mediate the actions of noradrenaline (a natural stimulant) at the level of the heart
*Blocking these receptors leads to a decrease in force of contraction and rate of heart beat
*Blood pressure is directly related to cardiac output, so reducing the activity of the heart will reduce cardiac output (and hence blood pressure) - 16How do calcium antagonists function?*Calcium is required by muscle cells to contract (vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle)
>>Blocking calcium entry to cells will prevent muscle contraction. In arteries this will lead to vasodilation and in the heart will lead to a reduction in force - 17How do diuretics function?Enable the excretion of more fluid from the body (usually be having an effect on ion reabsorption at level of kidney). Blood volume is directly related to blood pressure so the latter will fall in the presence of a diuretic.
Diuretics are safe to use but produce less dramatic blood pressure lowering effects
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- Undergraduate Dietetics Flashcards on Hypertension , created by Cleo Smiley on 28/12/2015.
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- Cleo Smiley
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