Flashcards
Thorax one
Cards in this deck (36)
- 1What is the boundary of the superior thoracic aperture?Body of TI posteriorly
Medial margin of rib 1 on both sides
Superior surface of the manubrium on the anterior surface
Due to superior margin of manubrium being at the level of the intervertebral disc between TII and TIII, the superior thoracic aperture slopes obliquely and anteriorly - 2What is the boundary of the inferior thoracic aperture?Posteriorly body of TXII
Posterolaterally rib XII and distal end of rib XI
Anterolaterally costal margin (cartilagenous ends of ribs VII to X)
Anteriorly xiphoid process - 3What are the 3 main pectoral muscles?Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Subclavius - 4What is the pectoralis major? Where does it originate fromMost superficial pectoral muslce
Superiorly medial half of the clavicle
Medially the anterior surface of the sternum
The first 7 costal cartilages - 5What is the innervation of the pectoralis major?Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
- 6What is the origin of the subclavius? What is it supplied by?Ribb 1 at the junction between the rib and the intercostal cartilage
Runs to the inferior margin of the clavicle
Supplied by the nerve to the subclavius - 7What is the pectoralis minor and what suplies it?Muscle originating on the anterior surfaces of rib 3,4 and 5 and also the deep fascia of the associated intercostal surfaces
Medial pectoral nerves - 8Describe the location of the lungs in the thorax Include the superior and inferior borderson both sides of the mediastinum within the right and left pleural cavities
superior border is the apex and projects above rib 1 into the root of the neck
Inferior border at quite respiration is a plane from the inferior margin of rib TVI in the midclavicular, inferior margin of TVIII in the midaxillary and the body of vertebrae TX - 9What are the two surfaces of the lungs?Costal surface
Mediastinal surface - 10Describe the costal surfaceLies immediately adjacent to the ribs and the intercostal spaces of the thoracic wall
- 11Describe the mediastinal surfaceLies against the mediastinum anteriorly and the vertebral collumn posteriorly
Contains the root of the lung which has the comma-shaped hilum - 12What are the borders of the lungs?Inferior border
Anterior border
Posterior border - 13What do the 3 borders of the lung seperate?Inferior border=Seperates the base from the costal surface
Anterior and posterior borders=Seperates the costal surface from the mediastinal surface - 14What structures make up the upper respiratory tract?Nose, mouth, nasal pharynx, oral pharynx, laryngopharnyx, larynx
- 15What structures make up the lower respiratory tract?Trachea
main bronchus
lobar bronchi
segmental bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
alveloar duct
alveolus
alveoli - 16Describe the superior and inferior borders of the superior mediastinumSuperior border=Superior margin of manubrium, medial margin of rib 1 laterally and body of T1 posteriorly
Inferior border=Sternum angle anteriorly, intervertebral disc between T4 and T5 posteriorly - 17What is the superior and inferior border of the inferior mediastinumSuperior border; Sternum angle anteriorly and intervertebral disc of T4 to T5 posteriorly.
Inferior border; inferior thoracic aperture - 18What separates the inferior mediastinum into the anterior, middle and posterior?Pericardium that sits within the middle mediastinum
- 19What are the attachments of the diaphragm?Anteriorly the xiphoid process
Anterolaterally the costal margin
Posterolaterally the distal ends of rib XI and XII
posteriorly the left and right crus; left crus =L1-2, right crus+L1-3 - 20Define pleura What are the two types of pleura?A close sac of serous membrane surrounding the lungs and the thoracic wall
Parietal and visceral - 21Where are the parietal and visceral pleura continuous at?The hilum of each lung
- 22What are the lobes and fissures of the right lung?3 lobes; Superior, middle and inferior
2 fissures; Oblique fissure, horizontal fissure - 23What does the oblique fissure separate? What does the horizontal fissure separate?Superior lobe and middle lobe from the inferior lobe
The superior lobe from the middle lobe - 24What are the lobes and fissures of the left lung?Superior and inferior lobes
Oblique fissure - 25What does the oblique fissure seperate?Superior and inferior lobes
- 26What is the arrangement of the brochial tree?Trachea
Main bronchi
Lobar bronchi
Segmental bronchi
Bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
segmental bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolus
alveoli - 27What structures pass through the hilum of the lung?Pulmonary artery
2 pulmonary veins
Main bronchus
Nerves
Lymphatics
bronchial vessels - 28What positions to the hilum do the following structures pass through; pulmonary artery, main bronchus, pulmonary veins?Pulmonary artery=Superior to the hilum
Pulmonary veins=Inferior to the hilum
Main bronchus=Posterior to the hilum - 29What is the hilum of the root of the lung?Mediastinal pleura that reflects onto the lung as parietal pleura
- 30What is the pulmonary ligament and what does it do?Thin fold of parietal pleura from the hilum that projects inferiorly
Stabilises the lower lobes and also accommodates the up and down movement of the lungs - 31What is the innervation of the lungs?Visceral afferents and efferents
Anterior and posterior pulmonary plexus - 32What is the arterial supply to the lungs?Left and right pulmonary arteries
These branch off from the pulmonary trunk
Right pulmonary artery is longer than the left - 33What is the venous supply to the lungs?4 Pulmonary veins
Superior and inferior pulmonary veins
Pass from the lung, through the hilum and drain into the left atrium - 34What is the lymphatic drainage of the lungs?Superficial and deep lymphatics of the lung drain into tracheobronchial nodes around the roots of the main and lobar bronchi and the trachea
- 35Where do the tracheobronchial nodes extend from and too?From within the lung
Through the root and hilum of the lung
Into the posterior mediastinum - 36—
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- Degree Anatomy Flashcards on Thorax one, created by Joe carlow on 29/12/2015.
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- Joe carlow
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