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Flashcards

Operant Conditioning

Riah Sorn-ampai GRE Psych Writtens English 28 cards

Cards in this deck (28)

  1. 1Define: OPERANT CONDITIONINGBehavior is influenced primarily by reinforcement
  2. 2Who is credited for coming up with operant conditioning?B. F. Skinner
  3. 3Describe Skinner's experiment with rats (and pigeons)Trying to condition rats to perform unnatural behavior (aka pressing a lever)
    Used shaping
  4. 4Define: SHAPINGGiving rewards for behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior (like coaching)
    Ex. Rats get rewarded first for even going near the lever, then for touching it etc.
  5. 5What's another term for shaping?Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
  6. 6//Types of Reinforcement////Types of Reinforcement//
  7. 7Define: PRIMARY REINFORCEMENTA natural reinforcement, you don't have to learn that it's reinforcing
    Ex. food/water
  8. 8Define: SECONDARY REINFORCEMENTA learned reinforcer, often learned through society
    Ex. Money
  9. 9Define: POSITIVE REINFORCEMENTA type of reward/positive event that acts like a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a particular response
    Ex. rewarding a dog with a treat
  10. 10Define: NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENTRemoving a negative stimulus to increase the likelihood of a certain behavior
    Ex. taking away a blaring noise whenever the monkey rides the tricycle
  11. 11Explain the 2 main differences between NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT and PUNISHMENTPunishment INTRODUCES something that the organism doesn't like and is used to STOP behavior
    Negative reinforcement TAKES AWAY something the organism doesn't like and is used to ENCOURAGE behavior
  12. 12//Types of Reinforcement Schedules////Types of Reinforcement Schedules//
  13. 13Define: CONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULEEvery correct response is met with some kind of reinforcement
  14. 14How effective is continuous reinforcement?It facilitates the quickest learning, but also the most fragile because as soon as rewards stop, the behavior stops.
  15. 15Define: PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULENot all correct responses are met with reinforcement
  16. 16How effective are partial reinforcement schedules?They take longer to learn but the behaviors are more salient/ingrained.
  17. 17Name the 4 types of Partial Reinforcement SchedulesFixed Ratio
    Variable Ratio
    Fixed Interval
    Variable Interval
  18. 18Define: FIXED RATIO REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULEReinforcement is given after a certain number of responses
    (ex. 1 reward after 6 responses)
    Demonstrates the power of drug addiction
  19. 19How effective is the fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?Behavior is learned quickly, but also easily extinguished because when the rewards stop coming as scheduled then the behavior stops
  20. 20Define: VARIABLE RATIO REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULEReinforcements are given after different numbers of correct responses
  21. 21Give a real life example of a VARIABLE RATIO reinforcement scheduleSlot machines at Vegas
    Gamblers are rewarded every so often but they don't know when
  22. 22How effective are variable ratio reinforcement schedules?They take the longest to learn, but the learning is more long lasting.
  23. 23Define: FIXED INTERVAL REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULERewards come after a certain amount of time
    Ex. After every 5 minutes, you are rewarded regardless of what behavior you were performing
  24. 24How effective are FIXED INTERVAL reinforcement schedules?Not good at motivating behavior because the reward isn't specific to that behavior
  25. 25Define: VARIABLE INTERVAL REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULERewards are delivered after different time periods, length of time varies so you never know when the reward will happen
    Ex. Waiting for the bus
  26. 26How effective are VARIABLE INTERVAL reinforcement schedules?They are the 2nd most effective strategy for maintaining behavior.
  27. 27Define: TOKEN ECONOMYArtificial mini-economy, found in prisons, rehab centers, mental hospitals
  28. 28How do token economies work?Individuals are motivated by secondary reinforcers (tokens)
    Desirable behavior is reinforced by tokens that can be cashed in for primary reinforcers (candy, books, cigarettes, privileges)

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Description
Writtens GRE Psych (Learning (6-10 Questions)) Flashcards on Operant Conditioning, created by Riah Sorn-ampai on 04/01/2016.
Created by
Riah Sorn-ampai · Jan 2016
Updated
Apr 6, 2018
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