Flashcards
MOD 5 DAY 01 Flashcards
Cards in this deck (71)
- 1OS (Operating System)A means for users, software, and hardware to interact with each other.
- 2UserThe person using the computer/device.
- 3ApplicationsExecutable code designed to carry out specific tasks on the computer, also referred to as programs. It is considered static.
- 4OS InterfaceAllows the user to interface with applications, system software, and hardware.
Most common are the GUI (Graphical User Interface) and the CLI (Command-Line Interface) - 5OS KernalThe heart of the OS. It manages the interaction between each layer.
- 6HardwareThe mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical components of a computer.
- 7File SystemThe OS interfaces with data on the hard disk through this. It defines the way data is named, stored, organized, and accessed on a hard disk.
- 8FileA singular named resource that is used for storing information/data.
- 9DirectoriesContainers used to organize files and data for the benefit of usability and retrieval of data.
- 10ProcessAn executing instance of an application.
- 11DeviceAny hardware component or peripheral attached to the computer.
- 12Device DriverA special program allowing communication between the OS and any hardware component or peripheral attached to the computer.
- 13Single-TaskingOnly one user can perform a task at any given time.
Example: Stand-alone PC's and Mobile devices (Smart Phones, Tablets, and Wearable's) - 14Multi-TaskingOnly one user can perform multiple tasks (programs) at a time.
Example: Stand-alone PC's and Mobile devices (Smart Phones, Tablets, and Wearable's) - 15MultiuserOne or more users can perform one or more tasks each at one time.
Example: UNIX or Windows - 16ClientOperates in a networked environment allowing a user to connect to another computer (server) to retrieve information.
Example UNIX or Windows - 17ServerProvides various services, including email, file sharing, and printer access, as well as ensuring security, to other computers (clients) across a network.
Example: email server, web server, print server - 18DistributedOne or more tasks are spread among two or more computers
Example: Google.com - 19NetworkComposed of more than one computer or device in which all communicate with one another using a common language or protocol.
- 20IA (Information Assurance)The practice of assuring information, acknowledging, and managing risks posed by inherent vulnerabilities of the OS.
- 21User ProfileA collection of folders containing user's personal data and preferences.
- 22ConfidentialityAssurance that information is not disclosed to unauthorized individuals, processes, or devices.
- 23IntegrityAssurance that no unauthorized modification or destruction of information occurred.
- 24AvailabilityAssurance of reliable access to data and services for authorized users.
- 25Non-repudiationAssurance that data delivery is proven to be from a reliable source.
- 26AuthenticationAssurance of properly verifying a user's credentials. The process of a user proving who they claim to be, by providing the credentials for a valid system account. Ensures users are properly identified.
- 27PrivilegedUser accounts with full system access.
- 28Non-PrivilegedUser accounts with limited access.
- 29Access ControlA mechanism for controlling access to system resources thereby ensuring resource availability.
- 30DACDiscretionary Access Control
Referred to as permissions and implemented using Access Control Lists (ACLs). - 31MACMandatory Access Control
OS's enforce the system's security policies using security labels. - 32RBACRole-Based Access Control
Access decisions are based on each account's role or functional position. - 33LoggingHelp ensure the confidentiality and integrity aspects of IA are attainable.
- 34Log FileA record of system or user activities.
- 35BackupsA mechanism to ensure system restoration after data loss. When a computer data is copied or archived, usually to a separate location, and for the purpose of data recovery should data loss occur.
- 36AdministratorUser account with the highest level of privileges and permissions. Can install software/devices, change system configuration settings, and manage other user accounts.
This account cannot be deleted. - 37GuestTemporary access when an individual user account does not exist. Abilities are are greatly limited, but a password is typically not required to access the system.
This account cannot be deleted. - 38SAMSecurity Accounts Manger
A local database where local account credentials are maintained. - 39DomainA collection of computers sharing common configurations, resources, and security principles
- 40Active DirectoryA database on a Windows network that stores domain account credentials.
- 41Workgroup ModelWhere each Windows system is considered standalone with regards to authentication.
- 42GroupAccounts that may contain user accounts, computer accounts, and even other group accounts.
- 43\Root directory for all files and directories for Windows.
- 44C:\Root of C: volume.
- 45Documents and SettingsThe folder containing a sub-directory for each user who has logged on to the system.
- 46Default UserWhen a user logs on to a system for the first time and/or does not have a profile, the settings contained in the Default User profile are used to create the user's profile.
- 47All UsersThe profile used to add settings and programs that affect all users that log on to the system.
- 48Program FilesThe folder that contains folders and files of installed software (i.e third-party software).
- 49System32Contains most of the built-in Windows system files, programs, and commands.
- 50%SystemRoot%A variable used to resolve compatibility issues of software between different versions of Windows.
ex. Windows 2K = C:\WINNT
Windows XP = C:\WINDOWS - 51File/Directory AttributeDefined as any characteristic of a file.
ex. on/off type feature; ARCHES. - 52File/Directory PropertiesHave varying values.
ex. name, size, times, dates, etc; 32kB - 53Archive A file/directory attribute.Allows backup programs to know which files to backup.
A file/directory attribute. - 54Read-Only A file/directory attribute.Protects the file from being over-written or modified.
A file/directory attribute. - 55Compression A file/directory attribute.Compressed file or directory (NTFS only).
A file/directory attribute. - 56Hidden A file/directory attribute.Hidden from standard directory listings and common users.
A file/directory attribute. - 57Encryption A file/directory attribute.Encrypted file or directory (NTFS only).
A file/directory attribute. - 58System A file/directory attribute.System file, generally protected from common user access.
A file/directory attribute. - 59AuthenticationThe mechanism by which a system securely identifies a user.
- 60AuthorizationThe mechanism by which a system determines the level of access an authenticated user has to system resources (e.g., files and directories).
- 61NTFSNew Technology File System, provides the capability of assigning file and directory permissions using DACL (Discretionary Access Control Lists).
- 62FATFile Allocation Table, a file system format incapable of assigning file and directory permissions.
- 63Read NTFS permissions and functions.Permits viewing and listing of files and subfolders.
NTFS permissions and functions. - 64Write NTFS permissions and functions.Permits adding of files and subfolders.
NTFS permissions and functions. - 65Read & Execute NTFS permissions and functions.Permits viewing and listing of files and subfolders as well as file execution; inherited by files and folders.
NTFS permissions and functions. - 66List Folder Contents NTFS permissions and functions.Permits viewing a list of files and subfolders; inherited by folders only.
NTFS permissions and functions. - 67ModifyPermits reading and writing of files and subfolders; allows deletion of the folder.
NTFS permissions and functions. - 68Full ControlPermits reading, writing, changing of permissions, and deleting of files and subfolders.
NTFS permissions and functions. - 69EveryoneA special identity group that exists on Windows system. This group cannot be manually updated because every account, even anonymous accounts, are considered members.
On Windows 2000 and prior OSs, has Full Control.
On newer OSs, Everyone is not used. - 70SharesWindows OSs ability to provide directory-sharing capabilities.
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