Flashcards
Anatomy: Ruminant Digestive Tract
Cards in this deck (71)
- 1Which side is the rumen located?Left
- 2What is the order of the stomach compartments?Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum - 3What percentage of stomach capacity is the rumen?80%
- 4What percentage of stomach capacity is the reticulum?5%
- 5What percentage of stomach capacity is the omasum?8%
- 6What percentage of stomach capacity is the abomasum?7%
- 7What is the largest stomach compartment in the calf?Abomasum
70% of capacity - 8What is another term for the abomasum?'True' stomach
- 9What parts of the stomach can be seen on the left side?Primarily rumen
Fundus of abomasum
Cranial part of reticulum - 10What parts of the stomach can be seen on the right side?Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum - 11Describe the position of the abomasum in relation to the rumenLoops underneath from left to right
- 12What is the location of the reticulum?Presses against diaphragm, under cover of ribs
Cranioventral and separated from pericardium by diaphragm only - 13What is the abomasum connected to?Duodenum
- 14What is the location of the spleen in the abdomen?Left side
Between rumen and body wall - 15What is the function of the rumen?Principal site of bacterial fermentation
- 16What are the 3 organs in the ruminant abdomen that are not displaced to the right by the rumen?Spleen
Reticulum (small cranial part)
Abomasum (small cranial part) - 17Where are the longitudinal grooves located?Divide dorsal and ventral rumen sacs
- 18Where is the rumenoreticular fold located?Demarcates the border between the rumen and reticulum
- 19What do the rumen grooves correspond to internally?Ruminal pillars
- 20What is the name of the mucosal folds on the internal surface of the rumen?Ruminal papillae - increase surface area
- 21What is the name for the penetration of the reticulum by a sharp foreign body, leading to inflammation?Traumatic reticulitis
- 22What is the clinical relevance of the proximity of the reticulum to the diaphragm?If a sharp foreign body penetrates the reticulum it may also penetrate the diaphragm and pericardium, resulting in traumatic pericarditis
- 23Describe the internal surface of the reticulumNet-like or 'honeycomb' appearance
- 24Which structures does the omasum lie between?Rumen and reticulum on left
Liver, body wall and diaphragm on right - 25Describe the interior surface of the omasumCrescentic laminae or 'leaves'
- 26What is the primary function of the omasum?Water absorption
- 27What is the primary function of the abomasum?Acid secretion and chemical digestion
- 28Does the abomasum lie to the left or right of the rumen?Mainly to right of rumen except part of the fundus
Displacement to left or right may occur pathologically - 29What is the most mobile part of the ruminant stomach?Abomasum
- 30Is the distribution of papillae even throughout the rumen?No - fewer papillae dorsally where gas is located and more ventrally where food sits
- 31What is the rumenoreticular groove?Two spirally twisted lips on the wall of the reticulum and lesser curvature of the omasum
- 32Give an alternative name for the rumenoreticular grooveGastric groove
- 33What is the significance of the rumenoreticular groove in calves?Suckling stimulates closure of the rumenoreticular groove via a vagal reflex, forming a tube which diverts milk away from the rumen and towards the abomasum
- 34What is the clinical relevance of the rumenoreticular groove?Copper sulphate can close groove, helping medicines be absorbed more quickly through diversion away from the rumen and towards the abomasum
- 35Which artery supplies the forestomachs?Coeliac artery
- 36Describe the branches of the coeliac artery which supply the forestomachsRight and left gastric arteries follow lesser curvature of abomasum
Right and left gastroepiploic arteries follow greater curvature of abomasum
Right and left ruminal arteries follow longitudinal grooves - 37What is the venous drainage of the forestomachs?Veins mirror arteries and drain via splenic vein into hepatic portal vein
- 38What is the parasympathetic innervation of the forestomachs?Dorsal vagus to rumen
Ventral vagus to reticulum, omasum and abomasum - 39What is the sympathetic innervation of the forestomachs?Nerves originate in coeliac plexus and follow a similar pathway to arteries
- 40Give 4 attachments of the greater omentumGreater curvature of abomasum
Left and right longitudinal groove of rumen
Reticulum
Mesoduodenum - 41Give 3 attachments of the lesser omentumLesser curvature of abomasum
Porta of the liver
Greater curvature of the omasum - 42What is the final attachments of the greater omentum?Mesoduodenum
- 43How is the greater omentum formed in ruminants?Reflection of peritoneum from dorsal sac and ventral sac of rumen to form two double layers
- 44What is the name for where the other abdominal organs are suspended above the greater omentum?Supraomental recess
- 45Which edge of the greater omentum is attached?Attached cranially, caudal edge is free and must be reflected
- 46What is the size of the caecum in ruminants compared to the dog?Caecum enlarged in ruminants compared to the dog
- 47What is the location of the jejunum in ruminants?'Hangs off' and surrounds spiral of ascending colon
- 48What is the name of the attachment between the ileum and the caecum?Ileocaecal fold
- 49Describe the location of the caecum in ruminantsDorsal as gas-filled
Points caudally in right pelvic inlet - 50Give the 3 parts of the ascending colon in ruminantsProximal (sigmoid) loop
Spiral, flattened loop
Distal loop - can be difficult to find - 51What is different about the greater omentum in life?Fat enclosing greater omentum more fluid
- 52Give 5 structures that can be seen on the left side of a ruminantRumen
Reticulum
Abomasum
Descending colon
Bladder - 53Give 8 structures that can be seen on the right side of a ruminantOmasum
Abomasum
Liver
Right kidney
Descending duodenum
Jejunoileum
Colon
Caecum - 54On which side is the spiral of the ascending colon easiest to observe?Left - not obscured by fatty mesentery attachments
- 55What is the texture of the omasum?'Leaves' make it more solid to the touch
- 56Where is a paracostal incision made?Next to the costal arch
- 57Where is a paralumbar incision made?In flank below transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
- 58What is the tuber sacrale?Protrusion of ileum (cranial pelvis) closest to sacrum
- 59What is the tuber coxae?Lateral protrusion of ileum (cranial pelvis)
- 60What is the tuber ischi?Prominence of ischium (caudal pelvis)
- 61What is the greater trochanter?Protrusion where femur articulates with pelvis
- 62Give the 2 branches of the dorsal ramus of a spinal nerveEpaxial muscular branch
Dorsal cutaneous branch - 63Give the 5 branches of the ventral ramus of a spinal nerveProximal lateral cutaneous branch
Proximal muscular branch
Distal lateral cutaneous branch
Distal muscular branch
Ventral cutaneous branch - 64What is the name for an area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve?Dermatome - named after spinal nerve which innervates them
- 65What is the function of paravertebral anaesthesia?Blocks sensory and motor innervation to flank, peritoneum and some viscera by anaesthetising dorsal and ventral branches of spinal nerves
- 66Which dermatome(s) are anaesthetised to numb the paralumbar fossa?T13
- 67Which dermatome(s) are anaesthetised for a rumenotomy?T13
L1
L2 - 68Which dermatome(s) are anaesthetised for a Caesarian?L1
L2 - 69Which dermatome(s) are anaesthetised to numb the udder?L2
L3
L4 - 70Describe the process of paravertebral anaesthesiaLong needle inserted over transverse process until contact felt
'Walked off' transverse process
Some anaesthetic injected to block dorsal ramus
Needle inserted more deeply through intertransverse ligament
Further anaesthetic injected to block ventral ramus - 71What is the first palpable transverse process cranial to the tuber coxae?L5
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- BVSc Year 1 (Alimentary and Renal) Flashcards on Anatomy: Ruminant Digestive Tract, created by Florence Edwards on 15/02/2016.
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- Florence Edwards
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