Flashcards
Tectonic Activity
Cards in this deck (67)
- 1How Are Earthquakes and Volcanoes Distributed? VolcanoesDistributed all over the world in different countries and continents but are not found it every country.
- 2magma chamberis a collection of magma inside the Earth, below the volcano.
- 3Secondary ventsare smaller outlets through which magma escapes.
- 4The main ventis the main outlet for the magma to escape.
- 5An eruption occurs when what happens??pressure in the magma chamber forces magma up the main vent, towards the crater at the top of the volcano.
- 6Volcanoes can be described in terms of activity. what are the 3 main types1) still active and erupt frequently
2) dormant
3) extinct - 7Shield volcanoes are usually found at ???? or????? boundaries.constructive or tensional
- 8Eruptions tend to be frequent but relatively gentle. what type of volcano does this refer toshield
- 9Composite volcanoes are made up of alternating layers of ?? and ??lava and ash
- 10what is a pyroclastic flowA mixture of hot steam, ash, rock and dust. roll down at very high speeds and with temperatures of over 400°C.
- 112 Positive Effects of volcanic eruptions1.The dramatic scenery created by volcanic eruptions attracts tourists. This brings income to an area.
2.The lava and ash deposited during an eruption breaks down to provide valuable nutrients for the soil. This creates very fertile soil which is good for agriculture - 122 negative effects of volcanic eruptions1. Many lives can be lost as a result of a volcanic eruption.
2.Human and natural landscapes can be destroyed and changed forever. - 13Montserrat case study- There is a volcanic area located in the south of the island on Soufriere Hills calledChances Peak.
- 14what is a volcanoA volcano is a cone-shaped mountain or hill formed by eruptions of lava and ash.
- 15Where do volcanic eruptions tend to take place?Constructive and destructive plate boundaries
- 16A cone volcano is most commonly found at which type of plate boundary?Destructive
- 17Shield volcanoes are often found at what type of boundariesconstructive boundaries.
- 18A volcano which erupts 1000 km3 of material is called??a supervolcano.
- 19A supervolcano is shaped like ??a depression.
- 20An example of a supervolcano isYellowstone
- 21An earthquake's power is measured on the ??Richter scale
- 22earthquakes power is measured using an instrument called a ?'seismometer'
- 23What is an earthquakethe shaking and vibration of the Earth's crust due to movement of the Earth's plates (plate tectonics).
- 24Earthquakes occur when ..... is released from inside the crust.tension
- 25The point inside the crust where the pressure is released is calledthe focus
- 26The point on the Earth's surface above the focus is calledthe epicentre
- 27Earthquake energy is released in .... waves.seismic
- 28At what sort of plate boundaries might earthquakes take place?All plate boundaries
- 29A seismometer measures ??vibrations caused by an earthquake.
- 30what is an aftershockAftershocks are the smaller earthquakes that follow the main earthquake.
- 31Most earthquakes happen within the??? around the Pacific Ocean.‘Ring of Fire’
- 32The Earth is made up of four distinct layers. what are they in order from the centre outwardsInner core, Outer core, mantle and crust
- 33There are two different types of crust: what are they?continental crust, which carries land, and oceanic crust, which carries water
- 34The Earth's crust is broken up into pieces called ???Plates
- 35Heat rising and falling inside the mantle creates ??? generated by radioactive decay in the core.convection currents
- 36The point where two plates meet is called aplate boundary.
- 37At a conservative or transform boundary the platesslide past each other
- 38At a destructive or convergent boundary the plates movetowards each other
- 39At a constructive or divergent boundary the platesmove apart.
- 40At a destructive boundary which plate moves under as they move together?The oceanic plate is denser so is forced underneath the continental plate.
- 41Constructive boundaries are more commonly found ??under the sea rather than on land.
- 42Fold mountains occur near ?? plate boundaries. Name an example of a fold mountain?convergent
any of the following Alps, Rockies, Andes and Himalayas. - 43Science Spanish Welsh 2nd Language Audio Games Message Boards Find us on Facebook KS3 Bitesize More Bitesize BBC Teachers Home > Geography > Natural hazards > Managing tectonic hazards Print Geography Managing tectonic hazards Page: 12Next It's not possible to prevent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. However, careful management of these hazards can minimise the damage that they cause. Prediction is the most important aspect of this, as this gives people time to evacuate the area and make preparations for the event. Predicting and preparing for volcanoes Unfortunately volcanic eruptions and earthquakes cannot be prevented. Managing hazards such as earthquakes and volcanoes can be done by:prediction and preparation.
- 44Fold mountains are formed by ?? plate movement?convergent
- 45Radon gas escapes from cracks in the Earth's crust. Levels of radon gas can be monitored - a sudden increase may suggest what??an earthquake
- 46Mercalli scale goes from 1-??? and is a measure of ??12 /intensity
- 47—Divergent Plate
- 48What is a hot spotAn area on the crust with greater than average thermal and volcanic activity thought to be caused by magma plumes
- 49What can be done to buildings to help withstand earthquake tremors?Fluid dampers( shock absorbers in infrastructure), cross bracing structure, tuned mass damper reduces sway
- 50What plate boundaries caused Montserrat to eruptnorth american plate was denser than caribbean. (destructive)
- 51emergency earthquake drills held in japan every (date)??september 1st
- 52richter scale is ??? magnitudelogerithmic
- 53when a question says explain what words should you usebecause
due to
therefore - 54benefits of volcanoesgeothermal power
volcanic soils
volcanic rocks
tourism - 55describe the shape of sheild volcanoesshort and wide
- 56describe the shape of a composite conepyramid shaped
- 57what are the two types of volcanoes that are seen as 'problematic'composite cones and calderas
- 58where are volcanoes mainly foundon mid atlantic ridge, near subduction zones such as ring of fire
- 59what are primary effects of volcanic eruptionslava flow
tephra
pyroclastic flows
volcanic gases - 60what are secondary effects of volcanic eruptionslahars
flooding
tsunamis
volcanic landslides
climate change - 61Hazard prediction for volcanic activityswelling ground (rising magma)
seismic activity (splitting rock)
groundwater gets hotter
animal behaviour
magnetic fields change
emission of gasses from crater - 62hazard protection of volcanic activitymonitoring the volcanoes leaves time for evacuation if needed
risk assessments
land use planning - avoid planning at high risk areas
controlling lava flows by using (walls/dynamite)
technical and financial aid - 63What scale does mercalli scale measure on1-12
- 64REMEMBER IF A QUESTION SAYS DESCRIBE DO NOT INCLUDE REASONS JUST PICK OUT RENDS,DATA ETCREVISE THAT
- 65HOTSPOTareas where volcanoes occur not on plate boundaries. fixed points in the mantle that generate intense heat and magma erupts though the crust
- 66example of a hotspothawaii
- 67what causes convection currents in mantleradio active decay of the core
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- Flashcards on Tectonic Activity, created by Natalie Fay on 29/12/2013.
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- Natalie Fay
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