Flashcards
Biology B1
Cards in this deck (124)
- 1What is under pressure?Blood in arteries.
- 2Why does blood needs to be under pressure?So it can reach all parts of the body.
- 3What does the heart muscle does to make a heart beat?It contracts.
- 4What squeezes the blood through arteries?Muscle.
- 5What. does blood carry around the body?Food and oxygen to cells.
- 6What is fitness?The ability to do physical activity.
- 7What does it mean to be healthy?To be free from desases and eating a balanced diet.
- 8What unit is blood pressure measured as?mmHg
Millimetres of mercury. - 9What are the two measures of blood pressure?Systolic and diastolic pressure.
- 10What is systolic pressure?Maximum pressure the heart produces.
When heart contracts to push blood out. - 11What is diastolic pressure?It's the blood pressure between heartbeats.
When heart relaxes when the blood enters the heart again. - 12What are the six ways of measuring fitness?Strength
Flexibility
Stamina
Agility
Speed
Cardiovascular efficiency - 13What three things lower blood pressure?Strong heart
Reducing Salt
Relaxation - 14What happens to your blood pressure when you are overweight by 5 Kg?Blood pressure raises by 5 units.
- 15What three things happen when you drink a lot of alcohol?Increases blood pressure
Damages kidney
Damages liver - 16What happens when high blood pressure is left untreated?There would be an increased risk of small blood vessels bursting.
- 17What's it called when a small blood vessel bursts in the brain ?A stroke.
- 18What may happen to a kidney, if a small blood vessel bursts?Kidney may fail.
- 19What are the four main factors that increases the chances of developing heart disease?High blood pressure
smoking
a lot of salt in diet
a lot of saturated fat - 20What is plaque?Saturated fats such as cholesterol, that can stick to the walls of the arteries.
- 21What can plaque do?Slow down or block arteries.
- 22What happens when salt levels are too high?The body retains too much water.
- 23What does nicotine do to your heart?Stimulates the heart to beat faster and narrows the blood vessels.
- 24What is thrombosis?Blood cot
- 25What is cholesterol?Waxy fat like substance found on bloodstream
- 26What is cholesterol used for?Cell membranes and hormones.
- 27What are the two types of cholesterol?Low density lipoprotein and High density lipoprotein.
- 28What is the bad cholerterol and why is it bad?Low density lipoprtein because it can cause heart disease.
- 29What two factors determine how much cholesterol you have?Diet and liver
- 30Where can cholesterol be made?Liver
- 31What causes blood pressure?Left side of the heart.
- 32What is hypertension?High blood pressure
- 33What are the dangers of highblood pressure?Can cause heart disease
Can cause heart attacks
Can cause strokes
Can damage brain
Can damage kidneys - 34What are the dangers of low blood pressure?Fainting
Poor circulation
Diziness - 35Where are carbohydrates found in ?Bread, pasta
- 36Where are proteins found in?Eggs, meat
- 37Where are fats found in?Butter
oil - 38Where is fibre found in?Beans
Cereals - 39Where arevitamins found in?Fruits and vegetables
- 40Where are minerals found in?Fruit
Vegetables
Cereals - 41What is the fuction of carbohydrates?Keeps body warm and provides lots of energy.
- 42What is the function of proteins?Growth and repair.
- 43What is the function of fats?Make cell membranes, insulate body, stores long term energy,
- 44What is the function of fibre?Add bulk to food to help digestion
- 45What is the function of Vitamins?Healthy immune system and strong bones.
- 46Awhat is the function of minerals?Makes enzymes in small amounts.
- 47What is the disease caused by lack of protein?Kwashiorkor
- 48What are the reasons for lack of protein?Famine
Overpopulation
Lack of money
Extreme wheather
Limited agricultural Investment - 49How can you estimate the average daily requirement of protein?0.6 x body mass (Kg)
- 50What are the four types of pathogens?Bacteria
Viruses
Fungus
Protozoa - 51How are pathogens spread?Food and water
insect bites
direct contact
indirect contact
airborne droplets - 52What are the seven food groups?Carbohydrates
Protein
Fibre
Minerals
Vitamins
Fats
Water - 53What is the cause of chicken pox?Virus
- 54What is the cause of cholera?Bacteria
- 55What is the cause of malaria?Protozoa
- 56What is thecause of athletes foot?Fungi
- 57What is the cause of influenza?Virus
- 58What is a placebo?Something that has no effects.
It's a blank or dummy drug. - 59Why is it important to use a placebo?To make surethe chemical makes you better and not your thought.
- 60What does it mean by double blind trial?Neither the scientist or volunteer know which one is the real one.
- 61Why is it important to run the trial this way?So that none of them cheat
No bias occurs. - 62What are the 8 stages of developing a new. drug?1 Ideas
2 Computer
3 Making
4 Test on Tissue
5 Test on Animal
6 Test on healthy volunteer
7 Test on ill humans
8 Get license - 63What ar two things about beingn tumours?Can be removed and mostly doesn't come back
Cells fromtumour don't spread - 64What are two things about malignant tumours?Damage other tissues or organs in body
should be removed - 65There are three ways white blood cells protect us, what are they?Phagocytosis
Antibodies
Antitoxin - 66How can our bodies prevent microbes entering our body?Wax in ears
Tear in eyes
Mucus in mouth
Mucus in nose
Fluids in genitals
Scabs in cuts - 67What is passive immunity?Given antibodies- breast milk
- 68What is active immunity?Own antibodies-Illness and vaccinations
- 69What does a vaccineDead /parts/weak microbes
- 70Where goes the vaccine into?Blood stream
- 71What detects the vaccine?White blood cells
- 72What do the white blood cells do when they detect the microbe?Make memory cells to remember the shape of the pathogen.
- 73What are receptor cells?Cells that recieve information
- 74What does the retina do?S
- 75What does the optic nerve do?Transmits impulses to the brain
- 76What are the five senses, their sense organs and stimuli?Touch-Skin-pressure and cold
Smell-Nose-chemical
Taste-Tongue-chemical
Hearing-Ears-soundwaves
Sight-Eyes-light - 77The nervous system consist on three parts, what are they?Brain
Spiral chord
Pherispheral nerves - 78What are neurons and what do they do?Nerve cells that carry information as electrical signals
- 79What are the three type of neurons?Sensory
Motor
Relay - 80What are the two effectors?Muscles or glands
- 81Describe reflex arc in seven words.Stimulus
Receptor
Sensory
CNS
Relay
Motor
Effector - 82What are three examples of legal drugs?Ethanol
Caffeine
Tabacco - 83What are three examples of illegal drugs?Heroin
Cocaine
Marijuana - 84What does a stimulant do?Speeds up the nervous system and helps combat depression.
- 85What does a depressant do?Slows down the nervous system
- 86What does a pain killer do?Helps relieve painful comditions
- 87What does a Hallucinogen do?Produces sensations of false identity and distant of what is seen and heard.
- 88What do performance enhacing drugs?Increase muscle development.
- 89What is addiction?You have to have something, you can't live without it.
- 90What is a rehabitation?Special clinic that helps addicted people stop being addicted to things.
- 91What are the effects and risks of cannabis?Mixed emotions
Increases heart rate and lung disease. - 92What are the effects and risks of heroin?Slows down the body.
Put you into comma. - 93What are the effects and risks of cocaine?Speeds you up.
Overdose can kill. - 94What is emphysema?A disease that is based on excess coughing.
Alveoli loses its elasticity. - 95What is brochitis?A disease common in smokers that is when the bronchi become inflamed and a lot of mucus is produced.
- 96What is homeostasis?Balancing act which which everything is kept constant to ensure an internal environment.
- 97What are the four important matters that our body has to balanceGlucose
Temperature
Water
Ion - 98What happens when you get too hot?Blood vessels dilate, you get red, you sweat, hairs lay flat and needs fluid to hydrate.
- 99What happens when you get too cold?Blood vessels constrict, you get pale,shiver. to generate heat, goose bumbs, hair stands up to keep warm.
- 100What can you develop when you get too cold?Hypothermia
- 101What can you develop when you get too hot?Sun stroke
- 102What is produced by the pancreas ?Insulin
- 103What is a humans normal body temperature?37°
- 104What is enlongation?Grow
- 105What does an auxin do?Causes growth.
- 106What is phototropism?Responds to light
- 107What is geotropism?Responds to gravity.
- 108What does positive mean?Towards
- 109What does negative mean?Away
- 110What is an allele?Two versions of the same gene.
- 111Where are chromosomes found?Nucleus
- 112What is the boy's chromosome?XY
- 113What is the girl's chromosome?XX
- 114What do genes make?Proteins
- 115How many chromosomes do humans have?46
23 from mum
23 from dad - 116What are gametes?egg and sperm
- 117What is a zygote?Fertilized egg
- 118What is dominant?Allele which controls the features whenever you have it.
- 119What is recessive?Allele which only shows up when features appear on both chromosomes.
- 120What is homozygous?Both alleles are same dominance
- 121What is heterzygous ?Both alleles are different
- 122What is genotype?The genes you have
- 123What is phenotype?Physical appearence
- 124—