Flashcards
geo chap 5
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1the rock cycle introshows relationship between igneous/sedimentary/metamorphic rocks. rocks continually formed/destroyed/reconstituted as part of the rock cycle. formed=internal/endogenic forces. destroyed=weather/climate/forces of erosion, aka exogenic forces. reconstituted=deposition of sediments
- 2geotectonicrefers to the formation, arrangement and structure of the rocks of the earths crust
- 3intrusiveplutonic
- 4extrusivevolcanic
- 5lithificationprocess where sediments compact under pressure and become solid rock
- 6the rock cycle explainationrocks formed when magma cools+solidifies to form igneous rocks. occurs when magma reaches surface OR cools in crust. surface=volcanic, basalt. crust=plutonic, granite. rocks modified due to heat/pressure=metamorphic rocks. weathering and erosion=rocks breaking down=sediments. sediments transported then deposited. reconstituted when compressed=sedimentary rocks(laid down in strata)
- 7three main rock groupsigneous(cooled molten magma, granite/basalt), sedimentary(compression of rocks/plants/animals, limestone/sandstone), metamorphic(when sedimentary/igneous rocks are changed due to great heat and/or pressure, marble/quartz)
- 8igneous rockformed when magma cooled down+solidified. cooled inside crust=plutonic(granite). cooled on surface=volcanic(basalt). contain crystals, size of crystals say how long rock took to cool. large crystals=slowly in crust. small crystals=fast on surface
- 9granite formationplutonic, coarse-grained. contains minerals of feldspar/quartz/mica. can be white/black/grey/pink. large crystals. most of eire's granite formed during caladonian fold mnt building period. used for kitchen worktops/fireplaces/building material
- 10basalt formationfine-to-medium grained. volcanic. black-dark grey. most common volcanic rock found in eire. small crystals. antrim derry plateau
- 11sedimentary rockremains of plants/animals/rock compressed to form it. ex:limestone/sandstone. form in layers. build up in stratified layers, separated by bedding planes that contain joints which make the rock permeable. 2 types: organic(limestone, remains of animals/plants) + inorganic(sandstone, remains of pre-existing rock)
- 12limestoneorganic. most common rock in eire. ex: the burren. made from compressed remains of sea life. formed when eire was under tropical ocean and close to equator, carboniferous period. contains calcium carbonate. greyish white/black/dark grey. permeable.form in layers. build up in stratified layers, separated by bedding planes that contain joints
- 13sandstoneinorganic. coarse, brown/red. most common type in eire is old red sandstone(iron oxide). formed 400mill y/a, ireland=desert. caladonian fold mnts being eroded=sediments transported and deposited, compressed, formed sandstone. comeragh mnts, co. waterford
- 14metamorphic rockformed when appearance/texture/chemical composition of igneous/sedimentary rocks changed by great heat(magma) and/or pressure(folding). 2 types of metamorphism: thermal metamorphism(heat alone) and regional metamorphism(heat and pressure. mnts being formed/colliding plates). limestone=marble, connemara. sandstone=quartzite, sugarloaf mnt, wicklow
- 15marblehard crystalline rock. connemara(green), cork(red), rathlin island, antrim and carrara, italy( pure, white). formed by heat + pressure on limestone. pure marble=white, pure limestone. impurities=iron oxide/silt/sand/clay. kitchen/fireplaces/ornaments/gravestones.
- 16quartzitesandstone changed due to great heat+pressure. during mnt building, sandstone met magma and spaces between grains of quartz filled w silica. light colored, sugar loaf mnt, wicklow.
- 17active plate marginoccurs where oceanic plate subducting under continental plate. =mnt building/faulting/volcanos/earthquakes. forms igneous+meta rocks
- 18trailing plate marginabsence of earthquake/volcanic/fold mnts forming. sedimentary rocks form here.
- 19human interaction with the rock cycle: quarryingprovides us w important resources, eg, energy + building materials.
- 20what is quarryingit is the removal of rock form large pits in the earths surface.
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- Leaving Certificate Geography Flashcards on geo chap 5, created by lily may on 24/04/2016.
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- lily may
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