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Description
Flashcards by Elise Lambert, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Elise Lambert
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| who aimed to investigate the formation of early attachment? | Schaffer and Emerson |
| How many babies did the study involve? | 60 babies- 31 male, 29 female |
| What did the researchers do? | They visited the homes every month for the first year and again at 18 months. asked questions about the kind of protests the babies showed to everyday seperations. they also measured stranger anxiety |
| WHat did Schaffer and Emerson find? | between 25 and 32 weeks, 50% of the babies show separation anxiety by 40 weeks 80% had a specific attachment and 30% displayed multiple attachment |
| What is a strength of Schaffer and Emerson's study? | Good external validity- carried out in families homes and done by actual parents during normal activities. |
| What is another strength of Schaffer and Emerson's study? | They did a longitudinal study which has high internal validity because they do not have confounding variables |
| What is a limitation of Schaffer and Emerson's study? | The babies all came from the same district and were mostly working class. This meant that the sample was not generalisable. |
| what are the stages of attachment? | Asocial, indiscriminate, specific, multiple attachments |
| What is the first stag of attachment? | Asocial Stage (first few weeks) |
| What does the asocial stage entail? | -The babies behaviour to humsna and non human objects is similar - Show some preference to familiar adults -happier in the presence of humans |
| what is the second stage of attachment? | Indiscriminate- 2 to 7 months |
| What does the indiscriminate stage entail? | -show preferences to people -recognize and prefer familiar people -accept cuddles from any adult -do not show stranger anxiety |
| What is the third stage of attachment? | Specific attachment- Around 7 months |
| What does the specific attachment stage entail? | -start to display anxiety towards strangers -anxious when adult leaves the room -formed a primary attachment figure |
| what is the fourth attachment stage? | multiple attachments- shorty after 7 months |
| What does the multiple attachment stage entail? | -start to form secondary attachments to people they regularly spend time with |
| What is a limitation of the stages of attachment? | observing the asocial stage is too difficult because there isn't much observable behaviour |
| What is another limitation for the stages of attachment? | There is conflicting evidence on when babies form an attachment. Some say it's after forming a specific attachment and some say the babies form multiple attachments from the offset- especially in collectivist cultures |
| What is another limitation of the stages of attachment? | there is a problem with measuring multiple attachments. Just because the baby gets distressed when a person leaves the room, does not mean they are attachment figures, they could just be playmates. |
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