Flashcards
Geography sem 1 exam
Cards in this deck (46)
- 1What progress has been made to closing the gap?Life expectancy gap remains about a decade = little progress
88% of aboriginal children were enrolled in early childhood education = on track
No progress on employment outcomes = slipping backwards
Meeting the target to close the life expectancy gap by 2030 is a significant challenge
The target to half gap in child mortality will be achieved by 2018
Target to improve year 12 attainment will be achieved by 2020 - 2EquityFairness to all groups involved
- 3What happened in Canada that was similar to the Australian stolen generation?Inuit children were taken from their families for 10 months of a year to a boarding school where people tried to get rid of their traditions. They were subject to a lot of abuse.
- 4What are some issues in our (social) coastal environment?Pollution
Tourism
Population growth
inappropriate development
introduced plants
decision making - 5What is reconciliation?Process of understanding and restoring a relationship. It is a community base movement involving both indigenous and non-indigenous. It aims to improve relations between indigenous people and the wider community.
- 6Social JusticeConcerned with ensuring that all people have access to community resources
- 7What strategies have been taken to help the Tweed River mouth from silting from sand build up in the south end?mechanical sand pumping from the south to starved edges of the beach that replicate long shore drift.
- 8What is corrosion?salt on minerals like iron weakening the rock and making it more at risk of erosion
- 9What is deposition and it's resulting land forms?depositing/moving sand and rock particles caused by wind and waves.
Causes- sand bars and sand spits - 10What strategies have been taken to address the (social) coastal environment?State: Day to day running and functioning of the ports , Major zoning
Local: contribute to coastal management, Equity and social justice issues, Management infrastructure , Lifeguards, Signage, zoning - 11What challenges to do with reconciliation need addressing?Closing the life expectancy gap within a generation as currently it remains around a decade
Ensure access to early childhood education for all indigenous 4 year olds in remote communities
Half the gap in mortality rates for indigenous under 5
Ensure healthy lives
Encourage more economic participation
Build safe and supportive communities
Completion of year 12
Half gap in employment outcomes
Half the gap in reading, writing and numeracy achievements for children - 12What is erosion and it's resulting land forms?removal of rock and sand particles as a result of wind and waves
causes- sea caves, sea stacks, bays, natural bridges - 13What are destructive waves?large, erode material from beaches
- 14What are some future strategies for reconciliation?Improving Indigenous disadvantage
Improving indigenous housing, clothing, education, employment and land ownership
Have the rights to own their own communities
Improving self determination - 15SustainabilityManaging our environment and resources wisely for present and future generations
- 16What are some responses from the government or organisations for reconciliation?State Government- ensure all policies are fair and relevant
Reconciliation Australia- sea of hands, work programs - 17What is longhsore drift?waves hit at an angle and move sand along the beach
- 18What are some management strategies to address the physical coastal processes?Sea walls (protect development)
Groyne (perpendicular to coast to prevent long shore drift)
Beach sand nourishment
Zoning
breakwater (parallel to beach to reduce wave energy)
Dune fencing and pathways
Dredging (removal of sand from river mouths) - 19What is homelessness?Homelessness is a loss of a sense of security, stability, privacy, safety or the ability to control your living space
- 20What are constructive waves?small, low energy, deposit sand onto beaches
- 21How many people are homeless in Australia?105 000
- 22What organisation are helping homelessness?National Affordable Housing Agreement (NAHA)
Assistance with Care Housing for the Aged (ACAH)
National Homelessness Strategy- Prevention +reduction
The big issue (Dedicated to supporting +creating jobs and reconnection them with the community) - 23What issues face maroubra beach?water pollution, development, dune protection, longshore drift
- 24What are the impacts of homelessness?Results in significant social and economic costs not just to the individual but the family/community
Difficult to maintain school
Vulnerable to long term un-employment and chronic ill health
Depression, poor nutrition, bad dental health, alcohol and drug abuse
Exclusion - 25What is Australia's current population?24 million
- 26What demographic group is experiencing homelessness the most?Indigenous
- 27Describe the spatial distribution of homeless people?high density in NSW and city areas
- 28What strategies can address size, structure and spatial distribution?Baby bonus
Paid paternity and maternity leave
Refugee policies
Urban sprawl
Urban planning
Zoning - 29How will population growth affect the urban world?urban expansion
traffic
Cities will expand
Urban sprawl
Not enough housing (potential homelessness)
More apartment blocks and high rise buildings (urban consolidation)
Increased population density
Rural to urban drift - 30What fraction of Syrian people have been internally displaced?1/3
- 31Causes of homelessness?Domestic violence (largest cause)
Language barrier
Running away
History of crime
Mental disability
Substance abuse
Debt
Marriage breakdown
Gambling addiction
Trauma
Job loss
Family/friend death
Physical disability
PTSD - 32How will population growth affect the social world?More multiculturalism
More community facilities and amenities
Increased cultural diversity and elements
Less racism
Greater understanding over time
Bigger school classes
Strains on educational facilities
Loss of jobs and opportunities - 33Asylum seekerasylum seeker is someone who says that he or she is a refugee but whose claim has not yet been assessed
- 34How will population growth affect the economic world?Strain on the economy because they need to accommodate for the extra population
More jobs and services will be needed
Higher pressure on housing markets
Economic growth for construction companies
Strain on the governments funding (hospital, development)
More $$$$
Higher demand for goods and services - 35Structure of the population?Balance of genders
Slowing birth rate
Largest age group is 40-44
Smaller future workforce
Middle aged are focusing on work and having less babies - 36What is the UNHRC and what is their role in the Syrian/European refugee crisis?Role is to safeguard the rights and well-being of refugees and to coordinate international action to protect refugees. 3 solutions: voluntary return, local integration into a country of asylum, resettlement in a third country
Was not prepared for the large scale leading to hunger and disease
Supply aid and staff - 37Refugeerefugee is someone who has been assessed by a national government
- 38Why did the Syrian people flee to Europe?•Civil war with waring religions and ethnic groups
- 39What are some past and present growth rates?2061 there will be 41.5 million
Growth peaked in 2008
General increase due to baby bonus and emigration - 40What are the top 3 countries of where refugees and asylum seekers are coming from?1. Syria (+3million)
2. Afghanistan (2.3million)
3. Somalia (1million) - 41in 2010-11 how many asylum seekers sought protection in Australia?11 000 +
- 42What are human rights?Human rights are moral principles that describe certain standards of human behavior. They are the basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled.
- 43How will population growth affect the environmental world?Pressure on resources
Not enough hospitable locations to settle
More people will cause more pollution
Air pollution
Rubbish pollution
Sewerage systems
Ecological impacts on flora and fauna
Running out of suitable farming land
Deforestation - 44What are some of the obligation of Australia for coming refugee and asylum seekers?Respect, never return them to a place where they are in danger
- 45What categories are human rights divided into?Civil and political rights
Economic, social and cultural rights
Humanitarian rights
Various categories - 46Why do people come to Australia?Humanitarian
War
Government conflict
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- 10 2016 Flashcards on Geography sem 1 exam, created by Lucy Cousins on 25/05/2016.
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- Lucy Cousins
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