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Flashcards

LABELLING THEORY

ashiana121 A2 SOCIOLOGY A-Level English 42 cards

Cards in this deck (42)

  1. 1For labelling theorists, what is deviance?A social construct
  2. 2What does Becker argue social groups do?Create deviance by creating rules and applying them to people they label as 'outsiders'
  3. 3Therefore, how does a person become deviant?When others label them as deviant
  4. 4What are social control agencies?Police, courts, jails etc
  5. 5What do labelling theorists argue social control agencies do?Label certain groups as criminal
  6. 6Who found that police decisions to arrest are based on stereotypical ideas about manner, dress, gender, time, place, ethnicity etc?Briar
  7. 7Do Labelling theorists hold an interpretivist or positivist perspective?Interpretivist
  8. 8How?They focus on how meanings and therefore labels are created through face-to-face, small scale interactions and negotiations
  9. 9Who's concept are "typifications"?Cicourel
  10. 10Who does Cicourel argue uses typifications (stereotypes)?The police
  11. 11Individuals fitting the typification of the ______ ___________ are most likely to be stopped, arrested and chargedTypical delinquent
  12. 12Which social group is most likely to fit the typification?Working-class and ethnic minority juveniles
  13. 13Once individuals of this group are arrested, who within them are most likely to be charged?Those from broken homes
  14. 14Which social group are less likely to fit the typification?Middle-class juveniles
  15. 15What else means that middle class juveniles are less likely to be charged?Their parents are more likely to negotiate sucessfuly on their behalf
  16. 16Where do Marxists argue the origins of these labels lie?In capitalist society
  17. 17If working class people fit police typifications, where does this mean there will be increased policing?Working class areas
  18. 18What does this result in?More working class arrests
    Invalid representation of working class crimes in official statistics
  19. 19What does Cicourel argue we cant do with crime statistics?Take them at face value
  20. 20In other words, we cannot use official statistics as a _________Resource
  21. 21Instead, what should we use official statistics as?Topics to investigate the process by which they are constructed
  22. 22In this way, labelling theorists see official statistics as the product of _____ ________ rather than _______Crime agencies rather than criminals
  23. 23What are labelling theorists also interested in?The effects of labelling
  24. 24How does Lemert argue societal reaction causes 'secondary deviance'?By labelling people as deviant, society encourages people to be more deviant
  25. 25What is primary deviance?Deviant acts that have not been publicly labelled
    They have many causes
    Mostly go uncaught
    Comitters dont usually see themselves as deviant
  26. 26Secondary deviance results from societal reaction, ie ____________Labelling
  27. 27What effects on the individual can labelling have initially?Stigmatisation and exclusion from wider society
  28. 28What is meant when labelling theorists say the label becomes the individuals 'master status'?Others may see the individual solely in terms of the label which can act to control their identity
  29. 29What does labelling theory fail to explain?Why primary deviance happens in the first place
  30. 30Being labelled may cause a crisis of and individuals self-concept which can lead to what?A self-fulfilling prophecy
  31. 31What does this mean?The individual lives up to the label, resulting in secondary deviance
  32. 32How is this criticised?It is deterministic
    Assumes that once labelled and SFP is inevitable
    The individual always has the choice not to deviate
  33. 33Further societal reaction may reinforce the individuals __________ _______Outsider status
  34. 34What can this lead to the individual joining?A deviant subculture
  35. 35What does this deviant subculture offer?Support, role models and a deviant career through which they can gain respect
  36. 36Give a study that illustrates these processesYoung - hippy marijuana users
    Drug use surrounded their lifestyle (primary) but police persecution of them as junkies (societal reaction) lead them to retreat into closed groups, developing a deviant subculture where drug use was the main activity (secondary)
  37. 37How does this process conflict with itself?Its aim is to produce law abiding behaviour, but it produces the opposite
  38. 38What is a deviance amplification spiral?The attempts to control the deviance lead to it increasing rather than decreasing, resulting in greater attempts to control it and therefore even more deviance
  39. 39What is Cohens example?Mods and Rockers
    Media exaggeration and distortion lead to MORAL PANIC and growing public concern
    Call for a 'crackdown' police arrested more youths which provoked more concern
    Demonising the mods and rockers lead to them being marginalised which resulted in more deviance
  40. 40What is this a similar concept to?Lemerts secondary deviance
  41. 41How does the work of Cohen and Young illustrated the differences between labelling theorists and functionalists in terms of crime and deviance?Functionalists - see deviance as producing social control
    Labelling theorists - see control as producing further deviance
  42. 42—

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A-Level A2 SOCIOLOGY Flashcards on LABELLING THEORY, created by ashiana121 on 18/06/2016.
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