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| Question | Answer |
| 1848 | the first Public Health Act caused the setting up of a Board of Health, and gave towns the right to appoint a Medical Officer of Health. |
| 1853 | vaccination against smallpox was made compulsory. |
| 1854 | Improvements in hospital hygiene were introduced (thanks in large part to Florence Nightingale). |
| 1875 | A Public Health Act enforced laws about slum clearance, provision of sewers and clean water, and the removal of nuisances. |
| 1906 | local councils were told to provide free school meals for poor children. |
| 1907 | school medical examinations were ordered for all children |
| 1908 | Old-age pensions were introduced. |
| 1911 | National Insurance (free medical treatment for workers who fell ill) was introduced. |
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