674023
Description
Flashcards by Anna Hollywood, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Anna Hollywood
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define climate | The average weather for a particular place over a certain period of time (a year) |
| Explain briefly the past cycles of climate | warm and cold episodes, every 75,000 years, peaking then starting the cycle again |
| What coincides (in terms of peaks and troughs) with carbon dioxide? | temperature |
| How has the temperature changed over the last few thousands of years? | average temp now = 5 degrees, used to be 0 degrees, over the last 450,000 years the temp range is becoming more extreme |
| How many ice ages have occurred since 450BC? How have they changed? | 3, they have become colder |
| 4 reasons why Vikings left Greenland | Increasingly colder...food and livestock was becoming more scarce...ate all the livestock (including new-born)...rest of population died of freezing cold |
| What is an extreme climate? | Extremely hot/cold. Temp and rainfall conditions in these places limit flora and fauna |
| Why do extreme climates have a low carrying capacity? | Growing seasons are short...crop conditions are unsuitable for good growth |
| 8 problems that may be experienced in extreme climates | Lack of communication/facilities/materials/food...bad living conditions...poor transport networks...small pop...difficult to get clean water |
| 5 human threats faced by extreme climates | Pollution...tourism...civil war...habitat loss (pollution, deforestation)...climate change (pollution) |
| 5 physical threats faced by extreme climates | Permafrost melting...desertification...climate change...drought...habitat loss (ice melting, natural disaster) |
| Proportions of greenhouse gases: | Water vapour (36-72%), CO2 (9-26%), methane (4-9%), nitrous oxide, ozone (3-7%0, CFCs |
| Recent evidence to show global warming | -Lower number of oxygen (18) isotopes found in newer ice - water climate |
| Future (best) prediction for global warming | Storms & hurricanes, species becoming extinct, global temps shouldn't exceed 2 degrees, high latitudes warming up could encourage tree growth & greater biodiversity |
| Future (worst) prediction for global warming | As ice melts, less white surface to reflect heat, world heats quicker...a 6 degree rise...billions will lose their homes |
| Future (best) prediction for sea level rising | World sea level rise of nearly 1 metre |
| Future (worst) prediction for sea level rising | If all of Antarctica melts, world sea levels could rise by 65-70m...earth could be ice free...billions will lose homes |
| Local threats to extreme climate environments | Drought...famine...tourism...migration...land use changes...pop growth...political problems...flooding |
| Global threats to extreme climate environments | Global warming...sea level rising...pollution...use of fossil fuels...ice breakage/melt |
| 5 local solutions to reduce these threats | Solar panels in American deserts, Australia & Middle East...renewable energy (geothermal energy) in polar regions...wind turbines...hydro-electric dam...recycling schemes |
| 3 global solutions to reduce these threats | Antarctic treaty (stops development) 1961...International year of the desert and desertification 2006-raising awareness about resource consumption...Kyoto Protocol, countries agree to cut co2 emissions by 20% by 2015 |
| Which countries have and haven't achieved the Kyoto Protocol? | Have-Sweden/Finland...Haven't-China/U.S |
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