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Flashcards

Head & Neck

Adriana Morales PD Module 1 English 56 cards

Head & Neck

Cards in this deck (56)

  1. 1What are the main bones of the skull?Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid bone
  2. 2What is the temporomandibular joint responsible for?opening and closing the mouth
  3. 3What kind of joint is the temporomandibular joint?condylar synovial joint
  4. 4What muscle is responsible for opening the mouth?external pterygoids
  5. 5What does CN V innervate?masseter, temporalis
  6. 6What muscle is responsible for closing the mouth?internal pterygoids
  7. 7How do you examine the TMJ?1) Inspect: swelling, redness near external auditory meatus
    2) Palpate: fingers in front of tragus, palpate (while patient uses joint) for clicking & pain
    3) Have patient open & close mouth, jut jaw forward and move jaw side to side
  8. 8What does the external, middle and internal ear composed of?External: auricle, canal and tympanic membrane
    Middle: air filled cavity containing ossicles: malleus, incus and stapes
    Inner: cochlea, vestibular apparatus
  9. 9What are the 4 steps of physical exam of the ear?1) Inspect: external ear
    2) Palpate: external ear
    3) Examination of ear canal and tympanic membrane using otoscope
    4) Assessment of hearing
  10. 10What is Ramsey Hunt Syndrome?An external ear herpetic infection of the geniculate ganglion that can affect CN VIII, causing hearing loss.What is Ramsey Hunt Syndrome?
  11. 11What is cauliflower ear?Outer ear swelling and deformity due to repeated trauma, blood clot or fluid build-up under perichondrium, causes separation of cartilage from perichondrium and resulting in formation of fibrous tissue.What is cauliflower ear?
  12. 12Is this proper otoscope examination technique?No.
    -Both eyes need to be open
    - right hand should be distracting the auricle
    - left hand technique is wrong.    Is this proper otoscope examination technique?
  13. 13What is the proper otoscope exam technique?1) Hold scope upside-down with left hand
    2) Use 4th & 5th left finger to brace pt's head
    3) Use right hand to distract right auricle
    4) Keep both eyes open    What is the proper otoscope exam technique?
  14. 14What is otitis externa?Auditory canal pseudomonas infection that blocks the tympanic membrane
    Symptoms: narrow, moist canal, pale and tender    What is otitis externa?
  15. 15Normal tympanic membraneNormal tympanic membrane
  16. 16Tympanic membrane with cerumenoften yellowish but can be brown, sticky. You must remove all debris to view tympanic membraneTympanic membrane with cerumen
  17. 17What is the purpose of a pneumatic otoscopy?-To assess patients with possible otitis media or effusion of tympanic membrane.
    -Puff of air onto TM during examination.
    Normal: TM should be mobile and flutter with puff of air
    Abnormal: no flutter movement, possible serous fluid behind eardrum
  18. 18Abnormal Pneumatic Otoscopy finding-displaced cone of light at 2 o'clock position. Normal: 5-7 o'clock.
    -opaque
    -ossicles are barely seen    Abnormal Pneumatic Otoscopy finding
  19. 19Serous Otitis Mediacauses: viral URT infections, sudden changes in atm. pressure
    characteristics: noninfected fluid behind TM, bulging, light displacement, opacity    Serous Otitis Media
  20. 20Suppurative Otitis Mediacause: bacterial infection
    characteristics: bulging membrane, pus, erythema, light displacement    Suppurative Otitis Media
  21. 21Tympanic perforationhole in eardrum due to bacterial infection of middle ear. Discharge may drain out of openingTympanic perforation
  22. 22TympanosclerosisLarge, chalky patch of scar tissue following severe otitis media. Does not impair hearingTympanosclerosis
  23. 23What is the conductive hearing mechanism?One of two mechanisms of hearing.
    Sound waves vibrate through air -> ear canal --> TM --> vibrating ossicles. Sound waves can vibrate through bone and directly vibrate ossicles, bypassing TM.
  24. 24Three ways to loss conductive hearing1) ear canal blockage
    2) perforation of TM
    3) ossicles issues
  25. 25What is sensorineural hearing?One of the two mechanisms of hearing.
    Ossicles transmit vibrations to the oval window --> cochlea that is lined with specialized receptors --> cochlea send signals to brain via CN VIII
  26. 26How can you lose sensorineural hearing?disruption of the neural pathway (inner ear or brain)
  27. 27How can you grossly evaluate hearing acuity?Finger rub or whispered voice
    1) Pt occludes one ear
    2) Rub fingers and check distance at which pt can hear
    3) Whisper word behind pt, ask pt to repeat word
  28. 28What is the Rinne test?-compares air & bone conduction
    normal: air conduction > bone conduction
    conductive hearing loss: bone conduction > air conduction
    sensorineural hearing loss: overall hearing is decreased, air > bone conduction
  29. 29What is the Weber's test?-For pts who fail whisper test
    -tests for lateralization
    Conductive hearing loss: sound heard in BAD ear, bone conduction is still normal
    Sensorineural hearing loss: sound heard in GOOD ear. Sound is not getting transmitted via CN VIII to brain in bad ear.
  30. 30What do you look for during inspection and palpation of the nose?1) alignment
    2) bony crepitus (rice krispie sounds --> air present in subq space)
    3) nasal tenderness
    4) sinus tenderness
    5) speculum exam
  31. 31Name three nasal sinuses that we palpatefrontal, ethmoid and maxillary sinusesName three nasal sinuses that we palpate
  32. 32Nasal polypspale sac-like growths of inflamed tissue
    -could be due to allergic rhinitis, asthma, chronic sinus infection    Nasal polyps
  33. 33Allergic rhinitispale mucosa, cobblestoning, wet appearanceAllergic rhinitis
  34. 34Acute bacterial rhinosinusitispurulent drainage, erythema, tendernessAcute bacterial rhinosinusitis
  35. 35What are common oropharynx complaints?1) sore throat (pharyngitis, peritonsillar abscess
    2) bleeding gums
    3) toothache
    4) oral lesions (ulcers, lumps)
    5) facial swelling
    6) hoarseness, voice changes
  36. 36What do you inspect for in the lips?color, moisture, cracking, lesions
  37. 37What do you inspect for in the oral mucosa?color, ulcers, patches & lesions, nodules
  38. 38What do you inspect for in the teeth and gingiva?color, gum margins, interdental papillae, missing/broken teeth, teeth discoloration, position and alignment
  39. 39What do you inspect for in the tongue?movement, symmetry, color/texture, lesions/coating, protrusions (CN XII)
  40. 40What do you inspect for in the floor of the mouth?lesions
  41. 41What do you inspect for in the roof of the mouth?color, architecture
  42. 42What do you inspect for in the pharynx?-say "Ahhhh" and check for color, symmetry, exudates, swelling
    -check soft palatte, uvula, tonsils, ant. & post. pillars
  43. 43Tonsillitis-white exudate on the tonsils
    -enlarged anterior & posterior cervical lymph nodes    Tonsillitis
  44. 44Oral herpes simplexOral herpes simplex
  45. 45Leukaplakia-thickened white patch
    -can be due to tobacco chewing or HPV    Leukaplakia
  46. 46Oral cancerOral cancer
  47. 47What are the neck muscle landmarkssternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius muscle
  48. 48What are the lymph nodes found in the neck?preauricular, posterior auricular, occiptal, tonsillar, submandibular, submental, superficial cervical, posterior cervical, deep cervical, supraclavicularWhat are the lymph nodes found in the neck?
  49. 49What do you inspect for in the trachea?-ID thyroid and cricoid cartilage
    -is trachea midline?
    -check for deviation, feel for crepitus
  50. 50What do you inspect for in the thyroid gland?1) Tilt the patient's head back
    2) look for contour, symmetry & size, thrills (vibration)
  51. 51What do you look for when you palpate the neck?-Position pt with neck slightly forward
    -check for neck masses & signs of pain, tenderness, soft, rubbery, fluctuant, mobile or fixed position
  52. 52What do you look for when you palpate the thyroid gland?-Examine patient from behind
    -note size, shape, consistency, nodules or thrills
    -most masses are benign    What do you look for when you palpate the thyroid gland?
  53. 53Goiter-enlargement of thyroid glandGoiter
  54. 54Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)creamy white lesions due to overgrowth of Candida albicansOral Candidiasis (Thrush)
  55. 55Parotid gland massenlarged salivary gland tumorParotid gland mass
  56. 56Keloidhypertrophic scar tissue

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Description
PD Module 1 Flashcards on Head & Neck , created by Adriana Morales on 22/10/2016.
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Adriana Morales
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  • Created by Jennie Pham · Oct 21, 2016
  • Copied by Adriana Morales · Oct 22, 2016
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