Flashcards
Atomic Structure
Cards in this deck (36)
- 1An atom/molecule usually exists as the lowest possible energy state, which is called theground state
- 2An atom/molecule that has more energy than the ground state to be is in the __________ ________excited state
- 3When an atom is going from excited state to a ground state, it ________ _________loses energy
- 4Mnemonic for Electromagnetic spectrumRaging Martians Invaded ROY G BIV Using X-ray Guns
- 5As wavelength increases, frequencydecreases
- 6Gamma rays have the ______ frequencies whereas radio waves have the __________ frequenciesHighest, Lowest
- 7Electrons are described as benig in a state of rapid motion within spaces around nucleus calledorbitals
- 8Heisenberg uncertainty principleyou cannot determine the precise location and momentum of an electron at once
- 9Pauli Exclusion principleno 2 electrons can occupy the same set of 4 quantum numbers
- 10Hund's rulefill in all empty orbitals with 1 electron first, before completely filling up an orbital
- 11Principle quantum number (n)tells you about size. n = row on table. The larger n is, the higher the radius of the electron's orbit
- 12Azimuthal quantum number (l)tells you about the shape of orbitals. L = 0,1,2 or 3. 0 =s, 1 = p, 2 = d, 3 = f
- 13Magnetic quantum number (m)tells you about the orientation of particle in space. Ranges from -1 to +1 including 0. Tells you the number of orbitals possible
- 14Spin Quantum numbertells you about spin of electron. 2 electrons in the same orbital must have oppositely paired spins of +1/2 and =1/2
- 15Parallel spins are electrons with same direction spin (they are not in the same _______)orbital
- 16Special exceptions in electron configurationss2d4
- 17cations versus anionscations remove ions
anions add ions to the outermost level - 18Ionic --> interaction between ations and propertiesIonic bonding, high MP, brittle, hard, non-conducting of electricity
- 19Metallic ---> interaction between atoms and propertiesMetallic Bonding, Varibale hardness, malleable, conducting f electricity
- 20Network --> Interaction between atoms and propertiesCovalent Bonding, high MP, hard, non-conducting of electricity
- 21Molecular ---> Interaction betwen atoms and propertiesHydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, van der waals
Low MP, non-conducting of electricity, flexible - 22Metalloidselements bordering the metal and nonmetal line on the PT. They exhibit properties of metals and nonmetals.
- 23Allotropeselements that have a 2+ distinct sets of chemical and physical properties. Oxygen (O2) and Ozone (O3) are examples
- 24gasconforms to the volume and shape of the container
particles are in continual motion
low density
compressible - 25Liquidconforms to the shape of the container but has definite volume
particles are in sliding motion past one another
moderate density
incompressible - 26Soliddefined volume and shape
particles are in a fixed position
high density
icompressible - 27In solids, the Kinetic energy of moition is predominantly ________ ________. Therfore solids have definite shapes and volumes.vibrational energy
- 28A ___________ ______ possesses an ordered structure; its atoms exist in a specific 3D latticecrystalline colid
- 29Crystals are defined by their ____ ____, which represent the smallest repeating unit that composes the larger crystaline structureunit cells
- 30Amorphous solidglass; has no ordered 3D arrangement alothough the molecules are fixed in place
- 31hydrogendoes not resemble alkali metals due to a single "s" valence electrons. Rather, it resembles the halogens most closely since it only needs one electron for a full octet
- 32Alkali metalspossess most properties of metals except have lower densities. high reactivities due to low ionization energy. Low MP
- 33Alkali earth metalspossess many metallic properties
- 34Carbon groupwide range of characteristics (metals, metalloids, nonmetals). Forms most stable molecules covalently with 4 bonds.
- 35Halogensare highly reactive nonmetals (form -1 anions). Highly variable physical properties. Low boiling points. Gases at room temperature.
- 36Transition elementsvery hard, very high melting and boiling points. Very malleable and conducts electricity since d electrons are loose. Low ionization energies; have various oxidation states since they can lose d and s electrons. Can form complex ions with water called hydration complexes or with nonmetals. They can also absorb frequencies of light. The frequencies not absorbed, their subtraction frequencies, gives complexes their characteristic colors.
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- General Chemistry Flashcards on Atomic Structure , created by Shalma Begum on 24/10/2016.
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- Shalma Begum · Oct 2016
- Updated
- Oct 29, 2016
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