Flashcards
Anemias - Microcytic / Hypochromic
Cards in this deck (32)
- 1Microcytic / Hypochromic Anemias- generally caused by abnormal hemoglobin synthesis
- RBC are small & have large central pallor
- MCV < 80fL
- MCHC < 31g/dL - 2Types of Microcytic / Hypochromic Anemias- Iron deficiency anemia
- Sideroblastic anemia
- Thalassemia - 3Iron deficiency anemia- progressive
- 3 stages
- codocytes
-elliptocytes - 4Iron Depletion- stage 1 of IDA
- decreased iron stores in liver and bone marrow
- normal hemoglobin levels
- decreased serum ferritin - 5ferritinstorage form of iron
- 6iron defecient erythropoiesis- stage 2 of IDA
- due to a lack of iron, erythropoiesis slows
- hgb values being to decrease
- decreased ferritin
- decreased serum iron
- decreased transferrin saturation - 7transferrintransport protein for iron
- 8iron deficiency anemia stage 3- stage 3 of IDA
- very low ferritin & transferrin saturations
- absence of iron stores
- low serum iron
- low Hgb & HCT levels
- decreased MCV
- elevated RDW
- increased poikilocytosis - 9causes of iron deficiency- increased need
- chronic blood loss
- other (hookworm) - 10treatment of iron deficiency- iron therapy to replace iron stores
- 3-6 months
- initial response to therapy is an increase in reticulocytes - 11Increased Need (Iron Def. Anemia)- premature infants
- elderly
- adolescent females w/ eating disorders
- lactating females
- pregnant females
- those having growth spurts - 12Chronic Blood Loss (Iron Def. Anemia)- uterine fibroid tumors or neoplasms
- chronic bleeding in GI tract - 13Sideroblastic Anemia- defective heme synthesis
- specifically protoporphyrin synthesis
- circulating iron overload - 14Sideroblastic Anemia Lab Findings- low Hgb & HCT
- dimorphic RBC population
- poikilocytosis
- basophilic stippling
- pappenheimer bodies
- target cells
- ringed sideroblasts (prussian blue stain)
- increased serum iron and ferritin
- increased transferrin saturation - 15Thalassemia- decreased production of globin chains
- with less chains being produced, overall production of hemoglobin is reduced - 16Beta Thalassemia (B-Thal)- decreased production of beta globin chains, resulting in lack of hemoglobin produced in RBC precursors
- Hgb A is decreased
- Hgb A2 is produced to compensate
- excess of unpaired alpha globin chains - 17Ineffective erythropoesis- excess globin chains in developing RBCs cause surface membrane damage
- this identifies the RBCs as defective and then are eliminated
- happens in the bone marrow - 18premature hemolysis- if cell with excess globin chains does make it to peripheral blood it is removed by RES macrophages
- 19Heterozygous B-Thal- B-thal minor
- Cooley's trait
- 1 abnormal & 1 normal gene
- mild, asymptomatic hemolytic anemia - 20B-Thal Minor Lab Findings- mild microcytic / hypochromic
- elevated Hgb A2 levels
- slightly increased Hgb F
- increased polychromasia
- increased retic count
- slight poikilocytosis
- target cells & elliptocytes
- basophilic stippling
- occasional NRBC - 21B-Thal Major- homozygous
- Cooley's anemia
- 2 abnormal genes
- severe anemia
- detected in childhood
- splenomegaly - 22B-Thal Major Lab Findings- critical hgb values (3-4g/dl)
- increased polychromasia
- severe poik
- target cells / tear drop cells / elliptocytes
- basophilic stippling
- many NRBC
- elevated retic
- majority of hgb is Hgb F with slight increase in Hgb A2 - 23hemosiderosisaccumulation of excessive iron
- 24hypertransfusionregular blood transfusions
cause hemosiderosis - 25Alpha Thalassemia4 genes that code for the rate of synthesis of alpha globin chains so there are 4 types of Alpha-Thal
- 26Silent Carrier- 1 of the four alpha globin chain genes is deleted
- hematologic findings are normal - 27Alpha Thalassemia Trait- 2 abnormal alpha chain genes are inherited
- mild M/H anemia - 28Hemoglobin H Disease- 3 alpha genes are deleted
- chronic moderately sever M/H anemia
- marked poik
- common in asians
- presence of Hgb H - 29Hydrops Fetalis- no alpha chain synthesis
- stillborn
- Hgb Bart's is the predominant hgb - 30Ringed SideroblastNRBC precursor with aggregates of iron surrounding the nucleus
- 31Hgb H- 4 beta chains
- in the absence of alpha chains, excess beta chains combine to produce this - 32Hgb Bart's- 4 gamma chains
- in the absence of alpha chains, excess gamma chains make this
- very high affinity for O2 and cannot transport it to the tissues
Information
- Description
- Hematology Flashcards on Anemias - Microcytic / Hypochromic, created by Lola McCoy on 03/11/2016.
- Created by
- Lola McCoy
- Views
- 0
- Rating
More on Iron deficiency and microcytic anaemia