7274735
Description
Flashcards by Mandy Wong, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mandy Wong
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Ashoka Maurya | India, r. 269-232 BCE emperor/war lord in India; became a buddhist after a bloody battle |
| chunar Sandstone | very shiny, softer stone, but very polished |
| chakra | wheel |
| dharmachakra | wheel of Buddhist law symbol of Buddhist teachings Buddha "turns the wheel of law" |
| Sarnath (Deer Park) | Buddha's first sermon took place at Deer Park (Sarnath) |
| chakravartin | "ruler/holder of the wheel" (Buddha is chakravartin of all chakravartins; Ashoka is a chakravartin) |
| The Great Stupa at Sanci | 1st C BCE India |
| circumabulation | clockwise, right shoulder towards center |
| 3 Jewels of Buddhism | 1. buddha 2. dharma - the teachings / law 3. sangha - the monastic community |
| parinirvana | Buddha goes to parinirvana when he dies (nirvana after death) |
| jataka tales | narratives about the previous life of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Guatama |
| Monkey King jataka | The Monkey King is one of the previous lives of the historical Buddha. Acts as a human bridge to save his troop from the King of Benares. |
| synoptic narrative | single scene with the same character repeated multiple times to show action occurring in the scene; vs. panoptic narration (w/o repeating characters) |
| continuous narration | single panel with multiple scenes occurring; has a sequence of events |
| yakshi | nature deities from Hinduism; co-opted in Buddhism represented fertility and abundance |
| The Great Departure | when Siddhartha Guatama leaves the palace, on a horse that is carried out of the palace so it makes no sound; usually has a parasol to represent holiness |
| Enlightenment and Defeat of Mara's Army | Mara tries to tempt Guatama as he is meditating under the Bodhi tree to prevent him from reaching enlightenment, but Guatama resisted temptation |
| bodhi tree | also known as Pipal Tree; heart-shaped leaves the tree under which the historical Buddha reached enlightenment |
| Kushan Empire | 1st - 3rd CE modern Pakistan and northern India |
| Emperor Kanishka | c. 78-101 CE great patron of Mahayana Buddhism Kushan empire |
| Gandhara | city in modern Pakistan; deep drapery in robe; grey schiste; more Greco-Roman nose |
| Mathuran | Southern India known for their sculptures in red sandstone; shallow drapery; usually robe is over one shoulder; flatter and broader facial features |
| Anjanata Caves | Southern India, late fifth century cave temple commissioned by King Harishena (r. c. 462 - 481 CE) |
| chaitya hall | prayer hall i.e. chaitya hall in the Ajanata Caves |
| vihara hall | individual study rooms; not meant for circumambulation i.e. vihara hall in the Ajanta caves |
| Avalokiteshvara | bodhisattva of compassion a.k.a guanyin, kannon, gwaneum |
| Padmapani | holder of the lotus |
| Mahajanaka Jataka | King Janaka jataka Janaka, rightful king, marries the daughter of his uncle (who is king) and becomes king. He becomes dissatisfied with palace life and leaves on horseback |
| Bamiyan caves | 6th-7th C, Afghanistan |
| Yungang Grottoes | c. 460-470 (Northern Wei), China commissioned by Tuoba Xianbei |
| Horyuji | built mid-6th C (Asuka), rebuilt late 7th C (Hakuho), Japan oldest wooden temple in Asia built by Prince Shotoku's father, completed by Shotoku |
| pagoda | East Asian Stupa relics underneath the stone platform |
| Tori Busshi | Master Sculptor Tori; accredited with the Shaka triad active during Asuka period, mid 6th C |
| Yumedono | hall of dreams, at Horyuji |
| hibitsu | hidden statue i.e. Yumedonno kannon at Horyuji |
| Ernest Fenollosa & Okakura Tenshin | late 19th C (Meiji period) discovered Yumedonno Kannon and commissioned Buddhist art in a more modern style |
| United Silla Period | 668 - 935 late 7th C - early 10th C |
| Asuka period | 538 - 710 CE (6th C - early 8th C) |
| Hakuho period | 673 - 686 CE (late 7th C) |
| Northern Wei period | c. 386 - 534 CE (late 4th C - mid 6th C) |
| Kim Daeseong | 770 - 774 Prime Minister of Korea during the United Silla period; built Seokguram to defend against Japan |
| vairochana | the Celestial Buddha all Buddhas at once |
| bhumisparsha mudra | earth-touching mudra "calling earth to witness" i.e. Variocana at Seokguram |
| Seokguram | artificial cave built from granite! |
| Amitabha | Buddha of the Western Pureland |
| Todaiji | Nara period (710-794) orig. 750s, rebuilt 1200s and 17th&18th C |
| Nara period | 710 - 794 CE |
| swatstika | Buddhist symbol for auspiciousness, good luck, and peace; contains the whole mind of the Buddha |
| Fukukenjaku Kannon | estoric form of Kannon always has 8 arms! |
| Nara style | natural and elegant human-like "almost ready to spring to life" idealized naturalism/realism |
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