Flashcards
CLA- pragmatics, discourse, lexis and semantics
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1the importance of politenesswhen looking at the role of caregivers and CDS, it is useful to consider politeness as learned behaviours which have been encouraged from an early age. strategies like negative and positive politeness begin to develop when they start to engage with others.
- 2politeness features-please and thank you
-asking for permission to leave the table
-not shouting at other members of the family
-not using taboo language - 3vygotsky and the importance of play' a child's greatest achievements are possible in play, achievements that tomorrow will become her basic level of real action'
- 4Garveyplay, the developing child- pretend play helped vocabulary and growth
- 5Ervin Trippsais that play helped language development because children learn from each other and have to work collaboratively. she also argues that imaginative play is critical for children to experiment with language in unfamiliar and different ways
- 6discourseplaying peekaboo is an early sign of children engaging in discourse and turn taking. these games show children the nature of conversation.
- 7Sinclair and Coulthardcame up with the IRF structure- initiation, response, feedback as a way of analysing educational discourse
- 8initiationthe asking of a question
- 9responsethe child provides a response to the question
- 10feedbackpraise is given to the child for giving an appropriate answer
- 11hallidays functions of speech-instrumental- fulfil a want or need 'want wee'
- regulatory- 'influence the behaviour of others 'pick up'
-interactional- 'develop and maintain social relationships'
-personal- convey individual opinions, ideas and personal identity 'me like tiger'
-representational- convey facts and information 'it cold'
-imaginative- create an imaginary world and may be seen in play 'me doctor'
-heuristic- learn about the environment 'wassat' - 12John Dore's language Functions-labelling- naming a person, object or thing
-repeating- repeating an adult word or utterance
-answering- responding to an utterance of another speaker
- requesting action- asking for something to be done for them
- calling- getting attention by shouting
- greeting- greeting someone or something
- protesting- objecting to requests from others
- practising- using language when no adult is present - 13lexis and semanticsthere is a clear discrepancy between a childs understanding of language and the ability to produce it
- 14nelsonshe studied 18 children's first words and found that they could be categorised according to their function. the major category was nouns. the other three were demanded actions (verbs), modifiers (adjectives and verbs) and personal and social words e.g. bye-bye, please and sorry
- 15Rescorlafound that there was a link between vocabulary development in toddlers and continued language issues as they got older. if a child has fewer words in their vocabulary at age 2 it could be a sign of deafness or autism
- 16other features are found in early language-overextension
-underextension
-hyponym
hypernym - 17Eve clarke while children are learning language there are two main confusions:overextension and underextension.
overextension occurs when a child uses a more specific word rather than a general noun. e.g. car for all vehicles - 18there are two types of overextension-analogical- when a child tries to make links between different objects according to similar properties or use e.g. all spherical objects = ball
-categorical- when a child referes to all objects of a category by the same name e.g. all outerwear= dress - 19underextensionthis might be when a child uses a more general word but applies it to a specific situation or thing. e.g. an apple may only be refered to as a apple if it is green not red. or car only used for the car owned by mummy
- 20hyponymthe more specific words that can be defined with a more generic hypernym e.g. banannas, grapes, apples for the hypernym fruit
- 21hypernymthe more generic term that is connected to more specific word choices that are all within the same semantic field.
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- A2 English A2 (Post-telegraphic stage) Flashcards on CLA- pragmatics, discourse, lexis and semantics, created by Truely Costen on 10/01/2017.
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- Truely Costen
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