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Description
Flashcards by melgallagher, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by melgallagher
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is fatigue? | A feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness caused by extreme exertion and can result in temporary loss of strength and energy |
| What symptoms might occur as a result of fatigue? | Your body may not be able to carry on due to muscular fatigue and can result in stopping. Concentration levels will decrease, mistakes will increase. Skill level decreases. If you aren't able to rest you will be asked to stop. |
| How does fatigue affect performance? | Performer may have to stop and performance will decline. Could get injured. Have a slower reaction time. Could stop. e.g. when running 1500m they may become fatigued. |
| What is stress? | The body's reaction to a change that requires a physical, mental or emotional adjustment. |
| What happens when we are stressed? | Some become more aggressive. With some people, levels of arousal may increase. Things that lead to stress; Excitement, suspense, anxiety, nervousness, motivation. The symptoms; shaking, feel sick, fast breathing. |
| How does stress affect performance? | Tightness of muscles. Lead to mistakes. Performance levels will go up as stress goes up - but only to a certain point. |
| What are internally caused injuries? | Where a performer is solely responsible. Overuse- caused by either performing/training too much e.g. stress fractures. Sudden- stretching, twisting and turning e.g. hamstring pulls. |
| What are externally caused injuries? | Can be factors other than the performer themselves, such as by equipment, opponents or even the playing conditions. Foul play/not playing by the rules- often can be serious and usually caused by another person. Impact- contact in inevitable in some sports but also can occur in ones where there isn't meant to be contact. There can also be impact with equipment e.g. goal posts. Also impact with the playing surface e.g. sports hall floor. Equipment/clothing- could be damaged equipment , faulty equipment, bad fitted clothing o the wrong clothing. Accidents- wherever precautions are in place there will still be accidents. |
| What precautions are taken to try and avoid injury? | Risk assessment, warm-ups, rules should be clear, followed and enforced. |
| What is a strain? | Muscles are torn or overstretched |
| What is a sprain? | Ligaments are torn or overstretched at a joint |
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Image:
edited_lungs (image/jpg)
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| What happens in the lungs when breathing in? (inspiration) | Lungs increase in size. Pressure falls. Diaphragm contracts (flattens). Intercostal muscles contract, pulling chest walls UP and OUT. |
| What happens in the lungs when breathing out? (expiration) | The size of the lungs decrease. Pressure in the lungs increases. Diaphragm relaxes and curves upwards. Intercostal muscles relax to bring the chest size IN and DOWN |
| What is aerobic respiration? | Respiration in the presence of oxygen |
| What is the aerobic respiration equation? | Glucose + Oxygen --> energy + CO2 + water |
| What sports use aerobic respiration? | Marathon running, long distance events |
| What is anaerobic respiration? | Respiration with the absence of oxygen |
| What is the anaerobic respiration equation? | Glucose --> lactic acid + energy |
| What sports use anaerobic respiration? | Sprinting, short distance events |
| What is oxygen debt? | Removing lactic acid which has been produced in the muscles during anaerobic respiration because oxygen wasn't supplied to the muscles. You breath heavily afterwards to get the oxygen to into the blood and to the muscles faster to remove the lactic acid. |
| What is the recovery period? | Time after exercise had been carried out. Oxygen debt is repayed and heart rate decreases |
| How do you work out Maximum Heart Rate (MHR)? | 220 - your age. e.g. 220 - 16 = 204 |
| What is your heart rate? | Num of times your heart beats in 1 minute. (one contraction and one relaxation of the heart) |
| What is your pulse? | Rate per minute at which the heart beats |
| What are the 3 types of blood vessels? | Capillaries, veins, arteries. |
| What are capillaries and what do they do? | One cell thick walls. Link arteries to veins. Allow O2 and CO2 to pass through their walls quickly. Transport blood close to the muscles to quickly move O2 in and CO2 out. |
| What are veins and what do they do? | Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Thinner walls than arteries. Have valves to stop backflow. |
| What are arteries and what do they do? | Thick walls. Barry oxygen away from the heart. Strong elastic walls to pump the blood. Pulse is found in the arteries. |
| 4 functions of the circulatory system | TRANSPORTS oxygen, carbon dioxide and waste products around the blood. CONTROLS body temperature. REPAIRS damaged tissue e.g. cuts FIGHTS disease + harmful bacteria. |
| What is the cardiovascular (CV) system? | Body system that consists of the respiratory and circulatory systems working together. |
| Whats the definition of cardiovascular endurance? | Ability of the heart and lungs to keep supplying oxygen in the bloodstream to the body in order to provide energy to keep going in physical activity. |
| How can you improve your CV endurance? | Frequently do CV endurance exercises (e.g. the cooper test, the bleep test). Train aerobically. Increase length/difficulty of training gradually. |
| What are 2 ways to check your CV endurance? | Pule rate (resting and exercising). Recovery rate. |
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