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Description
Flashcards by molly kelly, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by molly kelly
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is a Cross Culture? | Cross culture is when we compare two cultures looking at similarities and differences, in this instance we are focused on childhood |
| What did Punch study in 2001? | - Studied rural Bolivia - Children are 5 they are expected to work both in the community and society without hesitation. |
| What did Holmes study in 1974? | - Studied a Somoan village - Found that being “too young” was never a reason for not permitting children to undertake a particular task - If a child thinks they can handle it parents will not stop them. |
| What did Firth study in 1970? | - Studied Tikopia - Found that doing what you are told is a concession given by a child not a right to be expected by an adult. |
| What did Malinowski study in 1957? | Studied the Trobriand islanders - Found that adults took a tolerance and bemused interest towards children’s sexual explorations |
| Middle ages view of childhood? | Childhood did not exist Children were regarded as little adults and were treated as such - Would work, dress and behave like adults |
| 16th-18th century view of Childhood? | The concept of childhood as separate from adulthood began to develop - Rich and privileged children went to school to be educated - Poor children would work in a factory due to the industrial revolution (making child labour widespread) |
| 19th century view of childhood? | - The Factory Acts banned the employment of children in mines and factories - By the end of the century state education was compulsory in most European countries |
| 20th-21st century view of childhood? | - Separate degrees of childhood have been established e.g. tweenager, teenager, youth - There has been a development of experts specialising in children e.g. child psychologists, paediatricians |
| What does Aries argue? | Aries argues the 20th century is the century of the child. Children have become an economic liability. A downside to this is they have lost their independence |
| What does the March of Progress view? | - The position of children in western societies has improved and is now better than it has ever been. - In society today childhood is a special time of life - Children are fundamentally different from adults. |
| What did Pilcher study in 1995? | - The most important feature of childhood is separateness - Childhood is seen as a clear and distinct life stage in which children enjoy a separate status from adults - Agrees that it is now a "Golden age of childhood". |
| Criticisms of Aries? | - Underestimates the difference between adults and children in Medieval Europe. e.g Laws did exist that prohibited the under 12’s getting married. - Based on ‘the analysis of images of children in historical sources’ therefore it may be criticised for being unreliable. |
| What changes have occurred in society that improve the position of children? | - Laws to restrict behaviour - Decline in family size - Compulsory education - Child protection and welfare - Specialist medical care for children - Falling IMR |
| What did Womack study in 2011? | - British children are said to be the unhappiest in the west. - Family break down is the cause of considerable childhood angst. -1 /3 of British 16 year olds live away from their biological parents - Increase in obesity, substance abuse and anti-social behaviour. |
| What does Gittens argue? | - Age patriarchy, meaning the idea that adults control and oppress children due to their superiority based on age potentially causing tension and angst. |
| What does Wendy Stainton Rogers argue? | That there are two different images of children in 20th century Europe 1.The innocent and wholesome child 2.The wicked and sinful child |
| What is an "innocent and wholesome child"? | A child that is: - They are seen as happy and joyous. - Protected from adulthood world such as violence and worries. |
| What is a "wicked and sinful child"? | Children that should be restrained, regulated and disciplined. |
| What is the Welfare View? | - Children should be protected from harm and abuse - Provided housing, food & clothing - Have a right to healthcare & Education - Loved and cared for - Allowed to develop |
| What is the Control View? | - Laws in place to stop them partaking in activities.e.g. age of consent. - Forbidden in certain areas alone. - Stranger danger & Road safety - Routines – time to get up, go to bed - What children wear, walk and talk. - Child benefit goes to parent not child Neglect and abuse |
| What are the two opposing views on how adults should care for children? | 1. The Welfare View 2. The Control View |
| What did the Children's Act of 1989 do? | - Highlights children's rights. - Identifies parental responsibilities to their child 1. Safeguard and promote the child’s health, development and welfare 2. Provide the child with appropriate direction and guidance |
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