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Flashcards

1. Computer System

Jeffrey Yip Computing GCSE English 50 cards

1. Computer System

Cards in this deck (50)

  1. 1CPUCentral Processing Unit performs calculation and executes program instructions
  2. 2ALUArithmetic Logic Unit is a component of CPU. It carries out similar numeric functions, such as comparing value of two numbers.
  3. 3control unit/controllerResponsible for RETRIEVING DATA AND INSTRUCTION from the correct location in the memory and EXECUTING THOSE INSTRUCTIONS
  4. 4Registersstore small pieces of informations
  5. 5informations register stores1. memory location of the next piece of data needed
    2. Intermediate result of a calculation( After 1 + 2, when 1 + 2 + 3 it needs to store halfway result
    3. current instruction being executed
  6. 6FDE cycle1. Fetch instructions
    2. Decode instructions
    3. Execute instructions
  7. 7One million operations per secondMHz
  8. 8One billion operations per secondGHz
  9. 9Factors influences the speed of a CPU1. Speed of other components
    2. Size of cache
    3. Number of cores
  10. 10cacheHigh-speed memory that stores copies of frequently needed instructions or data from RAM. Larger cache, faster the CPU can run as it can spend less time of receiving data. Usually very small, measured in kilobytes or megabytes.
  11. 11coresa kind of processor, used to handle different instructions. Usually, more cores means a faster CPU
  12. 12BusesNumber of wires used to connect components together to enable communication. Each wire transmit one bit at a time. Parallel bus (number of wires) always transmit more data than the serial bus (single wire). Buses need to transmit signals at the same time.
  13. 13Types of bus1. Data bus - transfer data from memory to processor to form a part of a calculation. The result also travel along data bus to be stored in memory.
    2. Address bus - transmits a particular location in memory asked from the processor to the processor (transmit signals only in one direction)
    3. Control bus - sends signals to devices to control the action that they carry out. E.g. signal might be 'read' or 'write'.
  14. 14MemoryAn area of stating data in the computer. Main memory is mostly volatile.
  15. 15RAMRandom Access Memory. Loading data and instructions from the computer's hard disk. It is VOLATILE.
  16. 16ROMRead Only Memory, used to store data that won't need to be updated. Usually store BOOTSTRAPPING instructions which tell computer the initial steps for finding and initializing the operating system when the computer is turned on.
  17. 17Flash MemoryUses electronic chips as storage. It is NON-VOLATILE. Flash drives are often used to transport data from one computer two another.
  18. 18Secondary StorageA non-volatile memory which can store data for long-term. Appears in devices, such as computer's internal hard disk
  19. 19Magnetic storageStorage of data in a magnetized medium, such as floppy disk and internal hard disk. The disk spins to allow the disk's READ-WRITE HEAD to access the data into particular segments. it spins at 7,200 revolutions per min. (rpm). Commonly, there are three tracks divided by eight segments.
    It is used to store programs.    Magnetic storage
  20. 20Optical storage mediaIncludes CDs, DVDs and Blue-ray disks, allowing laser to read data from the correct location while it is spinning. There are billions of locations where holes can identify the binary 'o' and '1'.Optical storage media
  21. 21Solid state storage devicesUse electronic circuits and no moving parts to store data electronically. Much sturdier and quieter than magnetic or optical devices.
  22. 22Cloud storageData is being stored away from the computer (or other machines) to the internet. It is not physically.
  23. 23Details of types of secondary storages (Capacity)1. Cloud storage (virtually unlimited)
    2. Magnetic storage (measured in terabytes)
    3. Solid state (range of 1 GB to 64 GB)
    4. Optical Disks (CDs: 700 MB, DVDs: 4.7 GB, Blu-rays: 25 GB)
  24. 24Details of types of secondary storages (Speed)1. Magnetic storage (usually the fastest)
    2. Solid state (USB 2.0 transmits data at rate of fire million but per second)
    3. Optical Disks (highly variable, Blu-ray is the fastest)
    4. Cloud storage (depends on the internet connection speed, generally slower)
  25. 25Details of types of secondary storages (Portability)1. Cloud Storage (needn't to carry data physically, accessing data anywhere from world)
    2. Solid state (small and light, designed to be moved between computers)
    3. Optical Disks (small and light, but no as easy to carry as the solid state)
    4. Magnetic storage (difficult to move the internal hard disk drive to another machine or devices)
  26. 26Details of types of secondary storages (Durability)1. Cloud Storage (is usually backed up multiple times)
    2. Magnetic storage (very well protected with a sturdy metal case
    3. Solid state (generally very sturdy)
    4. Optical Disks (generally very sturdy, but the surface is easily stretched which affects the accessibility of data)
  27. 27Input devicesUsed to introduce data into a computer
  28. 28Output devicesAllows data leave a computer, usually in a form intelligible to a human user
  29. 29Examples of input devicesKeyboard, Mouse, Barcode reader, Magnetic stripe reader, Light pen, OMR, Scanner, OCR, Sensors
  30. 30Keyboardused in a large number of data-entry application. Able to enter in a high speed, but error causes commonly.
  31. 31MouseA pointing device central to WIMP interfaces
  32. 32Barcode readerThe image of the barcode translate into numbers which are read by a system and searched for in a database to find the data on the object displaying the barcode. Commonly used in supermarkets, shops and manufacturing. It didn't require high-quality printing techniques and can put onto surfaces that are not flat. It is not an issue when the barcode is damaged as user ca simply input the number on the barcode as well.
  33. 33Magnetic stripe readerData is stored on the area of flat surface magnetically. When the surface flat surface is read by a specific reader, the data is retrieved. Used in credit/debit cards and tickets for trains.
  34. 34Light penUsed for drawing designs or add annotations straight onto the screen. The pen recognizes which pixel of the screen it is pointing at and sends a corresponding signal to the computer and change the display in some way.
  35. 35OMROptical Mark Reader used widely in the National Lottery, multiple-choice tests or questionnaires.
  36. 36ScannerShines beams of light on a document and measures the color and intensity of the light that bounces back. Used to copy the document as data and access to other machines and computers.
  37. 37OCROptical Character Reader can recognize and interpret the characters on the page from the document, including handwritten characters. It can identify the characters written by human which is hard to see. (post codes)
  38. 38Sensorsallow data to be stored and processed automatically by a computer. Able to detect temperature, light, noise, moisture and pressure. Can be used along with servomechanisms.
  39. 39Examples of output devicesMonitor, speakers, printer, servomechanism
  40. 40MonitorVDUs (visual display units). It is the screen of the computer and devices
  41. 41Speakerused for output of sound
  42. 42Printerlaser printer - use laser to fuse powder (toner) to the page
    Inkjet printer - squirting ink directly onto the page from close range
    Plotters - use pens and mechanical hands to draw an image onto the page, one line at a time. Provide for designers and engineers.
  43. 43servomechanismallow computers to control the physical activity of an external mechanism
  44. 44HHuman Computer Interface is the means by which the machine and the person using it communicate with one another.
  45. 45Text Based InterfaceAn environment made completely out of text. The user generally inputs using only keyboard and the output is in form of text or patterns of ASCII characters to create lines or images.
  46. 46Advantage of Text Based Interfacesimple enough, no complex graphics and codes
  47. 47Disadvantage of Text Based Interfacedifficult to learn without sufficient instruction.
  48. 48FormsMake use of it for input and output.
  49. 49GUIGraphical User Interface uses graphics rather than text to represent information.
  50. 50Other HCI featuressound, dedicated keys, soft keys, pointing devices, voice synthesis and handwriting recognition ( e.g. 手寫版 in Macbook)

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GCSE Computing Flashcards on 1. Computer System, created by Jeffrey Yip on 04/04/2017.
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Jeffrey Yip
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