Flashcards
AS IT Expert systems
Cards in this deck (30)
- 1DiagnosisIdentifying a problem or illness by analysis of the symptoms
- 2Artificial intelligenceComputer systems that perform tasks that normally require human intelligence
- 3ChainingCombining together instructions
- 4TransactionA collection of data that is exchanged
- 5FieldA individual item of data in a database, for example forename
- 6Expert systemsA computerized system that attempts to reproduce the decision-making process of an expert human being.
- 7How expert systems workExpert system uses a knowledge base and set of rules to provide a diagnosis. This is done by asking questions about the problem and ask further questions on the user's response. This helps rule out possibilities to narrow it down
- 8Three components of an expert systemThe knowledge base
The interference engine
The user interface - 9Knowledge baseA database that allows the storage and retrieval of the knowledge provided by a collection of experts. It contains knowledge about the specific area for which the expert system can be used
- 10How the knowledge base is builtThe developers will interview a collection of experts experts to build the database. The first is factual knowledge, which is knowledge that is widely shared. The second in heuristic knowledge, which is more personal and acquired through a range of experiences
- 11Rule baseA set of rules that will be used to produce an output or decision by the expert system. Used by the inference engine as a base fore reasoning to obtain a solution. Each rule contains two things: IF and THEN as well as AND and OR
- 12Inference engineThe part of the expert system that makes judgement and reasoning using the knowledge base and user responses. It is designed to produce reasoning based on a set of rules
- 13Chaining methodCombining IF-THEN rules to form a line of reasoning that will lead to further questions and then finally an answer
- 14Forward chainingThe expert system will take the data input and match it to the knowledge and rules it contains. It will keep doing this until a solution is reached. Data is gathered about the problem and the system infers to what conclusion it can reach from the data
- 15Backward chainingIf the process starts with a known conclusion but the path towards it is unknown. Will take the solution and try to find evidence to prove it
- 16User interfaceThe way the user interacts with the expert system. They are often graphical in nature and have a range of selection processes or typing methods to allow the user to provide responses
- 17Advantages of expert systemsProvide answers to questions outside users knowledge
Aid professionals where their knowledge is weak
Give consistent answers
They will not forget to ask a question
Can be accessed 24/7
Much quicker than interaction between humans
Less skilled workforce is needed - 18Disadvantages of expert systemsThey do not have addition of common sense
Errors in knowledge base produce errors in results
They do not adapt to change in environment
Expensive to produce - 19Uses of expert systemsMedical diagnosis
Car mechanical diagnosis
Playing chess
Providing financial advice
Troubleshooting computer and printer issues
Identifying items, e.g plants and animals
Using a telephone help desk - 20Batch processing systemA system that processes batches of data at set time intervals. Data is collected from inputs and stored together in what are known as batches. These batches of data are stored until a set time when they will be processed and an output, or outputs, created
- 21Advantages of batch processingProcessing is carried out when the system is in less demand, this results in less disruption to a system and no user interaction is required as it is automatic
- 22Disadvantages of batch processingThere is a delay for the data processing and if data contains errors, will only be identified at a later date
- 23Examples of batch processingPayroll
Stock control - 24Online processing systemA type of processing system that deals with data in transactions. A certain amount of data is input as a transaction. This amount of data is usually small. Once the data for the transaction is collected it is processed and the next transaction can occur
- 25UOnline booking system
- 26Real-time processing systemProcesses data as soon as it has been input. They are normally used when the immediacy of data is vital
- 27Uses of real time processing systemAir traffic control
Computer systems - 28Two types of files to store dataMaster files
Transaction files - 29Master filesA collection of fields about a main element of a data system, e.g. customer or employee. There will normally be a key field located inside
- 30Transaction filesData stored in these files is normally used to update the master file. It is more temporary in nature and a key field is present that matches the key field in the master file
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- AS level IT Flashcards on AS IT Expert systems, created by Sean Byrne on 09/05/2017.
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- Sean Byrne
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