9249431
Description
Flashcards by Karima Ranieri, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Karima Ranieri
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| When did the US open secret talks with the PLO? | December 1988 |
| What did Yasser Arafat, chairman of the PLO, finally do? | Reject terrorism and spoke in favour of a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: an independent Palestinian state alongside Israel. In other words: He recognised the state of Israel. |
| How did the Israeli's view Arafat's announcement? | A propaganda exercise PLO = terrorist organisation Israeli prime minister, Yitzhak Shamir, not open to peace talks. |
| What was the state of the Soviet Union after the Cold War? What did this mean for the Arab countries, US and Israel? | - Soviet Union was growing weak/collapsing - Could no longer support the Arab states strongly - Russia was seeking US financial aid - Now, Arab leaders would not be able to rely on the Soviet Union for arms and money - US government had the economic upper hand - September 1991, US president threatened to withhold $10 billion of loans to Israel. |
| What was spoken about in the Madrid conference 1991? | - They realised they would gain more from peace than making war. - Israeli leader, Yitzhak Shamir, was still intransigent. - Americans called on the Israelis to stop building more settlements in the occupied territories or face the risk of losing their financial aid. |
| In 1992, what government was voted into power? What did they promise? | - A more moderate government was voted into power - This new government promised to work for peace with the Palestinians. |
| When did the Oslo Accord take place? | 1993 14 sessions of talks, held over 8 months |
| What happened between Arafat and Rabin in September 1993? | They exchanged letters |
| What did Arafat state in his letter? | - He rejected the use of terrorism. - He called for an end to the Intifada and recognised 'the right of Israel to exist in peace and security.' |
| What did Rabin state in his letter? | He recognised 'the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people' |
| When did the two leaders sign the Oslo Accord agreement and what did it entail? | 13th September 1993 - It paved way for a step-by-step approach towards self-government for the Palestinians. |
| What was agreed between the Israeli and Palestinian leaders? | - Israeli troops would be withdrawn from Gaza and parts of the West Bank. - Elections would be held for a Palestinian Authority to run the West Bank and Gaza for five years. - During these five years, a final settlement would be discussed. |
| What did the Israelis do in 1994? | Withdrew their troops from Gaza. |
| When was the Oslo Accord II? | 1995 |
| What was agreed? | - Elections to the Palestinian Authority would finally be held. - Israeli forces would withdraw from major Palestinian towns. - Palestinian prisoners would be released from Israeli jails. |
| When was the Israel-Jordan peace treaty and what did it entail? | 1994 Settled their disputes over their borders. Jordan recognised the state of Israel and opened up trade and other links. |
| What were the problems of peace-making? | - The future of Jerusalem - Jewish settlements in the occupied territories - An independent Palestinian state - Right to return |
| Why did the peace process slow down? | - Regardless of the Oslo Accords, Israelis kept building Jewish settlements in the occupied territories. - This involved the seizure of Palestinian land and often demolition of their homes. - It also meant the building of roads which cut through Palestinian areas and were only for Jewish use. - And wells provided water only for Jewish settlements. |
| What did Palestinian frustration lead to? | Their support for the HAMAS |
| What event paved way for an increase support for the HAMAS in 1994? | When Baruch Goldstein, a Jewish settler, went on the rampage and killed 29 Palestinians at a mosque in Hebron (West Bank). |
| What happened when the HAMAS embarked on a campaign of suicide bombings? | Israeli troops returned to areas in Gaza and West Bank and imposed curfew on towns. Israelis further closed border crossings between Israeli and the occupied territories. |
| What happened in November 1995? | - 150,000 Israelis gathered in Tel Aviv for a peace rally. - Main speaker = Prime minister Yitzhak Rabin - Yigal Zamir shot Rabin who died. |
| What government was elected six months after the death of Rabin? What did they oppose? | In May 1996, a new government was elected, it opposed to Oslo peace process and blocked any further negotiations with Arafat and the Palestinian authority. - New Israeli Prime Minister = Binyamin Netanyahu. |
| What did the Israeli government give the go ahead to in February 1997? | - 6500 new homes on Arab land in east Jerusalem. |
| In 1999 there was another change of government in Israel. Who was elected? | The moderate government led by Ehud Barak. |
| What did the US president, Bill Clinton, do? | - Wanted to revive the peace process. - Invited the Israeli and PLO leaders to Camp David in the USA in July 2000. |
| What did Barak offer? | - He offered the Palestinians a deal that would have given them Gaza and most of the West Bank. - Agreed to partition the city of Jerusalem. |
| What could not be resolved? | - Who controlled the holy sites of Jerusalem - The right of Palestinian refugees to return to Israel |
| How did the second intifada break out? | - On 28th September 2000, Ariel Sharon made a tour of the Dome of the Rock. - He was accompanied by over 1000 police officers. - The visit was seen as highly provocative. |
| How many Palestinians did the Israeli troops shoot? | Within a month. 127 Palestinians had been killed. |
| Between 1993 and 2000, what percentage increase was there in the number of Jewish settlers in occupied territories? | 77% |
| Injustice of land How did the Palestinians in Gaza feel? | - In Gaza there were a million Palestinians, half of them in refugee camps and dependent on UN handouts. - There were only 6500 Jewish settlers but they controlled a third of the land and most water supplies. |
| Injustice of land How did the Palestinians feel in the West Bank? | - 400,000 Jewish settlers - Tens of thousands of troops - Over 2 million Palestinians - Israelis controlled 70% of land and complete control of water and electricity - Israelis controlled main roads, restricted movement of Palestinians. |
| Who was elected Prime minister in 2001? | Ariel Sharon |
| What happened in March 2002? | 29 Israelis killed in a HAMAS suicide bombing. |
| How did Israel react? | - Israeli troops and tanks carried out raids inside Palestinian towns and refugee camps on the West Bank and Gaza. - Targeted the Palestinian militants. - Women, children and family members were also killed. |
| How many people died by May 2003? | Over 2000 Palestinians and 760 Israelis |
| What was the road map to peace? | - George Bush published the road map for peace in April 2003 - It outlined a timetable for moves towards a Palestinian state. - First phase depended on an end to Palestinian bombings and Israeli raids on Palestinian towns and to settlement building. |
| What did the Israeli government announce in April 2004? | - That it would evacuate all Jewish settlers and troops from Gaza. |
| When did Arafat die and who was he succeeded by? | - Died in November 2004 and was succeeded by Mahmoud Abbas. |
| What did Abbas persuade the Palestinian militant in February 2005, what did this pave way for? | - To halt their bombing - Israeli and Palestinian leaders met in Egypt and announced mutual ceasefire. |
| What happened in 2005 (finally)? | Jewish settlers and troops withdrew from Gaza. |
| When did HAMAS win Palestinian elections? | 2006 |
| Fighting in Gaza 2008 | - HAMAS vs Fatah - HAMAS destroyed Fatah's headquarters and drove Fatah forces out of Gaza. - Since then. HAMAS has dominated Gaza while Fatah ran the Palestinian-controlled parts of the West Bank. |
| What did Israeli do? What did they control up until this point? | - Sealed the border between Gaza and Israel - Controlled movement of both people and goods, by land, air and sea. - The 1.4 million inhabitants of Gaza were virtually imprisoned. |
| What happened in 2008? | - Rockets from Gaza into southern Israel. - Israelis retaliated. - While 13 Israelis were killed, over 1400 Gazans lost their lives, including more than 300 children. |
| Why did the peace process stall once more? | In 2009, Binyamin Netanyahu became prime minister of Israel again. - Building of Jewish settlements accelerated. |
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