Changing the way you learn

Question	Answer
What happened to the women in Australia with the outbreak of war?	With the outbreak of war, many women wanted to be involved in the effort and do all they could to assist the fighting men. These women wanted to contribute as doctors, cooks, or nurses. They wanted to do jobs behind the lines, which could free up some men to join in the fight.
How did the government respond to the new roles which were demanded by women to assist at the front?	The government, however, was not interested in having women become involved in the war effort beyond the nursing profession. Despite the pressure from the Australian women, the government refused to send any woman to the front unless she was a nurse.
What were the working conditions for the nurses at the front?	The working conditions were not ideal due to the hot climate, often undrinkable water, and food which hard to digest. Frequently the nurses themselves succumbed to disease because of exhaustion and poor sanitation.
What were the 3 places where the nurses supported the men at the front? and how were the nurses working?	The nurses followed the men when they moved to France, the Middle East and the Greek islands (Gallipoli Campaign). A casualty clearing station was the first stop for an injured soldier, where the nurses were in the same situation as the doctors, assisting them as possible.
Why didn't the women at home leave and participate in the war effort?	Due to Australia's distance from the front, there was not the same sort of war work for women in Australia as there was in Britain or Germany. At this time, some women took on new roles and responsibilities.
What were the three volunteer organisations that were established by the Australian Women?	The Volunteer Organisations are -: -The Red Cross -Australian Comforts Fund -Women in the Workforce
What did the Women in the Red Cross do for the men at the front?	The women who worked for the red cross knitted more than one million socks for the men at the front as well as other garments such as mittens. Even school children were encouraged to knit during classes.
What do the Australian Comforts Fund Package contain?	The Australians Comforts Fund provided tobacco, homemade biscuits and cakes, condensed milk, newspapers and other luxuries to the troops. A package might also contain knitted items such as socks and sometimes a letter.
What was the condition of the women who worked in a workforce instead of the men who were sent to the front?	When a woman did take a job previously held by a man, it was at a lower a wage and there was often an understanding that when the man returned home, he would take the job back.
Why did the numbers of volunteers began to drop in WW1?	After war was declared, many Australian men rushed to enlist for many reasons. However, as the casualty figures of the Gallipoli campaign became public, the number of volunteers began to drop.
What influenced Billy Hughes to introduce conscription in Australia?	The British government suggested that Bill Hughes should introduce conscription in Australia, as there were high numbers of casualties during the battle of the Fromelles.
What is a referendum?	A referendum is a vote to change the Constitution of Australia, which requires a "Yes" vote from the a majority of the people and a majority of the staet to succeed. Image: Artv00152 (image/jpeg)
Who led which campaign during the 1916 referendum?	During the 1916 referendum, the Prime Minister led the "Yes" campaign, while the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne, Daniel Mannix, led the "No" campaign.
What was the "Yes" campaign focusing on and who supported it in the beginnign?	The "Yes" campaign was supported by the reinforcements referendum Council and the majority of the Press. The "Yes" campaign focused its arguments on the promise to support Britain and the men already serving at the front.
As the prime minister travelled around the country, who supported him and why?	The Prime Minister found support from Protestants as they viewed conscription as a sign of loyalty to the mother country. He also found support with women who had family serving, who believed conscription would share he burden of war evenly across the classes.
What did the NO campaign focused on and who supported it?	The "No" campaign focused on the wrongness of trying to force young men to fight in a war they didn't want to take part in. People who supported this campaign include Roman Catholics, Working Class and the Quakers.
What was the question that was put to the Australian people on 28 October 1916?	" Are you in favour of the government having in this grave emergency the same compulsory powers over citizens in regards to requiring their military service, for the term of this war, outside the Commonwealth, as it now has in regard to military service within the Commonwealth?"
What was the outcome of the referendum in 1916?	All referendums in Australia need a double majority: a majority of the people and a majority of the states. The vote was 1 087 577 "Yes" and 1 160 033 "No" votes. Three states voted "Yes", so the result was a "No" vote on both criteria.
What happened after Billy Hughes great loss in the referendum?	Hughes was disappointed and was forced to leave the Australian Labor Party. He took a few other members with him and formed a new party with the Liberals. This new party was called the Nationalists and they went on to win a large majority in the federal election in may 1917.
Why did Hughes put on a second referendum on conscription? and what were the outomes?	Hughes took his huge win in the election in May 1917 as an indication a that he might be successful in winning a second referendum on conscription. The campaigning was as strong as it had been in 1916. Once again the Australian people voted "No" with 1 181 747 "No" votes to 1 015 59 "Yes" votes.

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Unit 9.8 and Unit 9.9 The Roles of Women and Conscription

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