Social 7 final exam

Question	Answer
What way did the First Nation groups in Canada pass their history down from generation? t	They drew pictures the first nations did this to show the newer generation what happened before they came
How did the First Nation groups make decisions	They used consensus this means that everyone had to come to an agreement to be pasted on so no one argues and everyone is happy with it
How would you describe the First Nations before the arrival of europeans	They were peaceful, respected everyone’s contribution, lived close to the land - hunting, farming, fishing and lived together as a community. Strong connections to the land
Why did Europeans begin to explore North America	They began to explore the west because their trading route to Asia was overtaken and they needed a new route
What is imperialism	a policy (decision) of the part of a ruler or government of one territory to dominate other territories
What is mercantilism	a regulated economic system that made a country rich from its colonies
What did the Europeans think of the First Nations	They called the first nations savages and started trading with them. They also wanted to convert them to God and to be catholic
Why did Jacques Cartier raise a cross on the Gaspe Peninsula	He was a French explorer who led the expedition to North America. In 1534, they arrived at Gaspe Peninsula and raised a cross in the presence of the First Nations. It was to serve as a landmark and guidepost on coming into the harbour and that they would return with goods and food. The First Nations made signs back to them that they would not pull down the cross
Why did Beothuk and Europeans not have a good relationship	Beothuk people lived in Newfoundland. When French and British arrived, they did not question whether they had the right to set up settlements in Newfoundland. Some of these settlements interfered with traditional fishing that the Beothuk needed for survival. The Beothuk took equipment from the French and British hoping that they would leave, but it lead to conflict. More British settlers began to arrive and eventually the Beothuk became extinct
Which Early Europeans colony had the largest population	Thirteen colonies The thirteen colonies has the largest, new france has the second most, and ruperts land had the least amount of population
Which colony had the large area of land	New France
Which colony was Catholic	New france New france was the only catholic colony, and the rest were protostant
What were roles of the governor and intendant from France	Governor - represented the king, controlled the military, and looked after the defence of the colony. He also dealt with external relations, such as trade with First Nations. Intendant - was the chief administrator of the colony. He worked to keep the colony in good order, and the make it less dependent on France
What is the definition of monopoly? Examples	Where there is only one provider of a good or service. Ex - only one pipeline company to transport oil & gas; only one service provider for cell phones;
How did the early fur trade come when Europeans came to coast	he cod fishery began the early fur trade. First Nations began to trade with Europeans coming to fish cod off the east coast. The early trade benefited both sides - it also built relationships of peace and friendship
Assimilation	the process of becoming part of a different cultural group
Segregation	the action or state of setting someone apart from other people and being set apart
Emigration	leaving one’s country to establish a home and citizenship in another country
Immigration	the process of people establishing homes and citizenship in a country that is not their native country
Emancipation	to set free, especially from legal, social, or political restrictions
What is the reason why the fur trade ended	Resources declined - buffalo began to disappear, beaver became scarce, and European demand for furs began to fall
What were the lasting impacts of the fur trade	People moved to new locations; Metis put themselves in the centre of the trade and became guides, interpreters, traders; fur trade brought the 1st Europeans into the West; allowed for churches and schools to be established
Why was it important for Britain to control the Acadians	The position of Acadia made it a centre of conflict between Britain and France. It was important for Britain to control the Acadians because it is where supply ships would pass. Both France and Britain had ships travelling through to and from their colonies. It had won a war in Europe against France - the war of the Spanish Succession - and gaining control of Acadia became part of the terms for peace. France and Britain set out the terms in an agreement they negotiated called the Treaty of Utrecht
Why did the Great Deportation happen	In 1755 they made the acadians make a different oath that they would help Britain in the war but the acadians refused. Since they refused, the british deported them
terms of the Royal Proclamation, how did it affect the First Nations, Canadiens, Canadians and Europeans	It aimed to make peace with First Nations by separating the 13 Colonies from First Nations territory. The French Canadiens were hurt by it (they had to assimilate to British), and European settlers would benefit because Britian expected them to move to Quebec
Battle of the Plains of Abraham between France and Britain and who lead and won	British forces launched a surprise assault on the Plains of Abraham, and quickly won over the French defenders. Because of the battle, the British captured Quebec, which was the military stronghold of New France. After the battle, the French army retreated to Montreal. A few months later, the army returned to Quebec and defeated the British at the Battle of Sainte-Foy. When the St. Lawrence cleared of ice, British troops arrived. This battle gave Britain control of North America
Quebec Act	This Act was when Britain decided to return to the Canadiens some rights that the Royal Proclamation had taken away. The Act ensured that the French language and Canadien culture were maintained in what would later become Canada. It allowed Catholic people in Quebec to practice their religion, they could hold positions in government, and reinstated French civil law. The French benefited
Royal Proclamation	It was Britain’s attempt to establish lasting peace in its North American colonies. Britain issued the proclamation aimed at bringing Candiens similar to Britain. It did the following : 1) established the province of Quebec with a similar government to the governments in the 13 colonies, 2) disallowed Catholics from holding positions in the Government, 3) abolished French civil law, 4) encouraged settlers from the 13 colonies to move to Quebec. The French were hurt by it and the members from the 13 colonies benefited
Manitoba Schools Act	The rights in the Manitoba Act that protected the French language and culture didn’t last long. In 1890, the Manitoba government abolished separate schools. It also revoked the clauses of the Act that made Manitoba bilingual and catholic schools were abolished. English became the only official language
Durham Report	They sent the royal commision to find out why the rebellions were happening and the durham report is what came out of the investigation. The recommendations were union of upper and lower Canada, more democratic government, assimilation of Canadians
Residential Schools Act	Residential schools were created and first nation children were sent there to assimilate them into the canadian culture and bring them away from their cultures
Treaty of Utrecht	Britain took control of Acadia in 1713. It had won a war in Europe against France - the War of Spanish Succession - and gaining control of Acadia became part of the terms for peace. France and Britain set out these terms in an agreement they negotiated called the Treaty of Utrecht
Britain's solution to the Seven Years War	Britain’s solution was to sign a treaty between France and Britain - the Treaty of Paris. Under this treaty, France gave up its claims in North America and Spain to Britain, and Britain gave France the colony of Guadeloupe in the Caribbean
Causes of the war of 1812 and what was the end of the war	The war of 1812 was caused by the british blockade, the napoleonic wars, the great american drought. Because of the war of 1812 the border between canada and the USA was created. The british won the war. The war ended due to a number of treaties
Constitutional act of 1791	The constitutional act of 1791 divided quebec into upper and lower canada. Lower canada was downstream the st. lawrence and upper canada was up stream even though upper canada is below lower canada
Great Deportation and Great Migration	In 1713 Britain took control of Acadia and told the acadians to leave within a year. The acadians didn’t want to leave their farms that they created, so they stayed. 1730, Britain made the acadians take an oath that they would stay neutral in the war against Britain and France. In 1755 they made the acadians make a different oath that they would help Britain in the war but the acadians refused. Since they refused, the british deported them. People left britain because of poverty, unemployment, and a famine in ireland and left because of opportunity in canada
What date did canada become a country	July 1, 1867
Act of Union and how it related to Durham Report	The act of union was based on the Durham report to pressure the canadians into assimilation. Would create the province of canada. Create a legislative council that the governor appointed. Created an assembly that had an equal number of seats from canada east and west. Made english the official language of the government
Royal Commission and what is in the report	The Royal commision was a group of people to investigate why the rebellions were happening. The recommendations were union of upper and lower Canada, more democratic government, assimilation of Canadians
Pros and cons of joining the confederation	For: problem of political deadlock, question of rights for canadians, question of independence for regions, risk of american annexation and western expansion. Against: question of independence for reasons, risk of american annexation, increased taxation
Four dudes of confederation	The four dudes of confederation wanted confederation. John A MacDonald wanted a country that went from “sea to sea”. George-Etienne Cartier didn’t want Canada to become a Republican like the US, and would ensure that the french and catholic religion was kept. George Brown wanted representation by population and wanted british colonies to control Rupert's land. Etienne-Paschal Tache thought confederation would be best and that it depended on cooperation between leaders
what was the BNA Act	The BNA act gave the federal government the power to make laws for “peace and order”. Division of powers between Federal and Provincial government. Establish french and english as languages of parliament. Guaranteed public schools for the protestant minority of Quebec. Gave the federal government to protect the powers of protestant minorities. Representation by population. Guaranteed that Canada would build the railway
First four provinces that joined the confederation	New brunswick, nova scotia, Ontario, Quebec
what was the Metis migration	After the Red River resistance (which was the Hudson Bay Company, Canada, and Britain’s plan to transfer Red River from HBC to Canada) many Metis moved West and started over in South Branch communities (First Nations). Later, after the Battle of Batoche, the Metis again moved west toward Alberta, which is why Alberta now has the largest settlement of Metis
What was the reason for the second uprising	The Metis started over in South Branch (First Nations) communities. Canada now controlled the west and the Metis started to face the same problem. The Metis started to send petitions to the government but they never responded. Louis Riel finally came to the South Branch communities
what was the National Policy	promote canadian industry settle in the west build a railway
Why did Canadian government want to settle in the west	They wanted to make more land in canada to have more settlements and more farmland as well; to secure the West from America taking over; they wanted to build a railway, spur economic growth
Who was hired to build the Pacific Railway	Chinese people were hired to build the railway but most of them died due to rough conditions
Role of women and how they can vote, university education	1st provinces to allow women to vote in 1916 were: Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. Women were not allowed to vote in Federal elections until 1918. One of the “famous five” was Nellie Chung. The right to vote is called “suffrage”. Throughout the 20th century, more and more women attended university and worked outside the home
The war of the Spanish succession	Britain won a war against france which allowed britain to take control of the acadians. This war ended with britain taking control of the acadians and gaining control of acadia becoming a part of the terms of peace
who were the Loyalists	The loyalists wanted to stay loyal to Britain during the american revolutionary war

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