Flashcards
Cardiac output in exercise
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1Define end diastolic volumeVolume of blood in the left or right ventricle after filling.
- 2What is pericardial restraint?The restriction of further growth of the heart due to the fibrous sack enclosing it.
- 3Give 4 measures of cardiac output and briefly explain them.Direct fick method - compares arterial and venus blood to give cardiac output. Indicator dye dilution method - inject dye into left ventricle and look at rate of disappearance. Doppler echo-cardiograph - ultra sound used to examine CO visually. Thermodilution technique - inject chilled saline into artery and look at rate of warming with thermometer further down the artery.
- 4Parasympathetic nervous system uses _______ as a neurotransmitter. Sympathetic nervous system uses ________ as a neurotransmitterAcetylcholine, noradrenaline
- 5Suggest 3 mechanisms that might increase endurance athletes cardiac output.Increased vagal tone and decreased sympathetic drive. Increased blood volume. Increased myocardial contractility and compliance of left ventricle.
- 6—
- 7Draw a graph to show how stroke volume increases with increasing oxygen consumption. suggest the units for the axis. Draw three lines to show the difference between endurance trained athletes, sedentary people and sedentary people post training.
- 8suggest some reasons stroke volume reaches a maximum value.pericardium restraint, heart size, if heart becomes too large causes heart failure.
- 9Describe the two regulation systems of the heart and how they change to allow heart rate to rise.We see reduction in vagal control (parasympathetic) initially allowing heart rate to rise to about 100bpm. We then see an increase in the sympathetic neural control increasing heart rate further.
- 10What is the problem predicting VO2 max from sub maximal tests?Some people are type B, meaning their line decreases before actual VO2 max.
- 11Describe the redistribution of cardiac output during exercise.increased flow the the muscles, decreased %age flow to the liver, kidneys, brain, skin and heart. Actual volume passing through also decreases except in the brain where it remains constant.
- 12Give two mechanisms of blood flow redistribution.Neural-hormonal control; catecholamine and sympathetic neural control.
Local control; PO2, PCO2, pH, K+, adenosine, temperature, nitric oxide (NO) can all control vasodilation. - 13Draw a graph to show the relationship between % of max oxygen uptake and cardiac output. suggest the units for each axis.
- 14Define the end systolic volume.the volume of blood in a ventricle post contraction
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- Exersice Physiology Flashcards on Cardiac output in exercise, created by alexlpeart on 17/05/2013.
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