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Flashcards

C4

eecavendish Chemistry GCSE English 42 cards

C4

Cards in this deck (42)

  1. 1What is the definition of an element?A substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler
  2. 2How is spectroscopy used to identify elements?The element was burned in a colourless flame and the light produced passed through a prism. Each element produced a unique line spectrum which allowed it to be identified.
  3. 3What were the two rules by which Mendeleev constructed his periodic table?Put the elements in order of their relative atomic mass and put elements that are chemically similar in the same column.
  4. 4Name the three particles that make up atomsProtons, neutrons and electrons
  5. 5Where are the protons and neutrons found in an atom?The nucleus
  6. 6Where are the electrons found in an atom?They orbit around the nucleus in orbits or shells
  7. 7What charge does a proton have?Positive, +1
  8. 8What charge does a neutron have?No charge
  9. 9What charge does an electron have?Negative, -1
  10. 10Which part contains almost all the mass of the atom?The nucleus
  11. 11Why does an atom have no overall charge?Because there are always the same number of protons and electrons, the charges cancel out
  12. 12What does the proton number of an atom tell us?The number of protons in the atom and also the number of electrons (because number of protons = number of electrons)
  13. 13What does the relative atomic mass of an atom tell us?The sum of the protons and neutrons in the atom
  14. 14What is the electron arrangement of sodium?2.8.1
  15. 15How many electrons can the first shell of an atom hold?2
  16. 16How many electrons can the second shell of an atom hold?8
  17. 17What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?Periods
  18. 18What are the vertical rows in the Periodic Table called?Groups
  19. 19What happens to the energy level of an electron as it gets further from the nucleus?It increases, the further away an electron is from the nucleus the higher the energy level
  20. 20Where are the metals located on the Periodic Table?On the left
  21. 21Where are the non-metals located in the Periodic Table?On the right
  22. 22As we move along a period from left to right, how does the number of electrons in the outer shell of the elements change?The number of electrons in the outer shell of the elements increases from 1-8 as we move along a period
  23. 23How can we use the number of electrons in the outer shell to identify metals?Metals have 1, 2 or 3 electrons in their outer shells
  24. 24How can we use the number of electrons in the outer shell to identify non-metals?Elements with 4,5, or 6 electrons in their outer shell are non-metals
  25. 25How can we use the number of electrons in the outer shell to identify an inert gas?Inert gases have 8 electrons in their outer shell
  26. 26Which group is known as the alkali metals?Group 1
  27. 27Give some properties of alkali metalsSoft, cut easily with a knife, conductors of electricity, malleable, they tarnish due to reacting with oxygen in the air
  28. 28What happens to the reactivity of the alkali metals as you go down the group?It increases
  29. 29Why does the reactivity increase as you go down the group?Because the outer shell with one electron gets further and further away from the nucleus, therefore having an increased energy level
  30. 30What gas is formed when alkali metals react with water?Hydrogen
  31. 31What is the name given to group 7?the Halogens
  32. 32The halogens are 'diatomic molecules' - what is meant by this?As elements the atoms are joined together in pairs, 'diatomic' meaning two atoms
  33. 33What is the name given to the compounds that form when halogens react with alkali metals or iron?Halides
    e.g. sodium + bromine = sodium bromide
  34. 34What is a displacement reaction?When a halogen reacts with a halide - the halogen is more reactive than the one in the compound and therefore takes its place
    e.g. chlorine + potassium bromide = potassium chloride + bromine
  35. 35What happens to the reactivity of the halogens as you go down the group?It decreases
  36. 36What is the name given to compounds of Group 1 and Group 7?They are ionic compounds
  37. 37What is an ionic compound made up of?Positively charged and negatively charged ions
  38. 38Sodium chloride is an ionic compound - which atom is positively charged and why?Sodium is positively charged because it has lost an electron. It has become Na+
  39. 39Why is the chlorine ion in sodium chloride negatively charged?Because it has gained the electron that was lost by sodium, giving it an overall negative charge. It has become Cl-
  40. 40What is a crystal lattice structure?The ions are packed together in a regular pattern which is repeated.
  41. 41Why can ionic compounds only conduct electricity when they are liquid or in solution?Because the ions are free to move and carry an electric current - as a solid they are fixed in place
  42. 42How can we work out the formula of an ionic compound?How can we work out the formula of an ionic compound?

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Description
GCSE Chemistry Flashcards on C4, created by eecavendish on 29/05/2014.
Created by
eecavendish · May 2014
Updated
Apr 6, 2018
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