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Description
Flashcards by Kristina Redd, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kristina Redd
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| These motor (efferent) neurons convey neural impulses from the CNS (brain & spinal cord) to distant targets, such as muscles, organs, and glands. | Multipolar neurons |
| These sensory (afferent) neurons convey neural impulses from sensory receptor (in skin, muscles, organs) to the CNS. | Pseudounipolar neurons |
| The nervous system can be divided into two parts based on ___ and ___ . | structure and function |
| What are the structural subdivisions of the NS? | Central NS and Peripheral NS |
| What are the functional subdivisions of NS? | Somatic (voluntary) NS & Autonomic (involuntary) NS |
| What is the involuntary division of the NS? | Autonomic |
| What is the voluntary division of the NS? | Somatic |
| What are two functions of the CNS? | 1. integrates/coordinates incoming and outgoing signals 2. carries out higher order "cognitive" functions such as learning & memory |
| What are the two body parts of the CNS? | brain and spinal cord |
| What do cross-sections of the spinal cord reveal? | gray matter and white matter |
| This particular type of matter is somewhat H-shaped. It consists of regions within the CNS with a high density of neuronal cell bodies. | Gray matter |
| This particular type of matter consists of nerve axon bundles (tracts), which travel to and from the brain. | White matter |
| How are gray matter regions divided? | Dorsal and Ventral horns |
| What type of horns lie on the posterior side of gray matter? | Dorsal horns |
| What type of horns lie on the anterior side of gray matter? | ventral horns |
| This system consists of all neural tissues outside the CNS. | Peripheral Nervous System |
| This division of the NS conducts impulses to or away from the CNS. | Peripheral Nervous System |
| What is a ganglion (ganglia)? | A collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS |
| What is a bundle of nerve axons in the PNS? | peripheral nerve |
| How are peripheral nerves classified? | As either cranial nerves or spinal nerves |
| How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? | 12 pair |
| What arises from the spinal cord? | spinal nerves (peripheral nerves) |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? What are the different types? | 31 pairs - 8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal |
| How many spinal segments are throughout the length of the spinal cord? | 31 (one for each pair of spinal nerves) |
| How do spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord? | By rootlets |
| What do rootlets converge to form? | Dorsal roots and Ventral roots |
| Dorsal and Ventral roots unit to form a ____ ____ . | spinal nerve |
| Identify the formation of a spinal nerve. | |
| Spinal nerves divide into two branches of these. | Dorsal and Ventral rami |
| What type of nerves are spinal nerves and their branches (dorsal & ventral rami) considered? | peripheral nerves |
| Dorsal rami convey nerve fibers (axons) to/from what? | Back muscles and skin overlying the back |
| Ventral rami convey nerve fibers (axons) to/from what? | Anterior and lateral regions of the torso/trunk arms and legs |
| What are the types of peripheral nerves? | somatic motor, somatic sensory, visceral motor, and visceral sensor |
| ____ ____ ____ convey impulses from the CNS to skeletal (voluntary) muscles. | Somatic motor nerves |
| Are somatic motor nerves multipolar or pseudounipolar? | multipolar |
| ___ ____ ____ convey sensations from the body to the CNS. | Somatic Sensory Nerves |
| What 3 types of sensations are experienced by somatic sensory nerves? | pain, touch, and temperature |
| Are somatic sensory nerves multipolar or pseudounipolar? | pseudounipolar neurons |
| Where do cell bodies of somatic motor nerves reside in? | ventral horn |
| The axons of the somatic motor nerves exit the spinal cord via the ___ ___ and ultimately innervate skeletal muscles. | ventral root |
| Somatic sensory nerve axons project into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord via what root? | the dorsal root |
| Where do the cell bodies of the somatic sensory nerves reside? | Dorsal root ganglion (a swelling located along the dorsal root of all spinal nerves) |
| These ___ ____ nerves convey impulses from the CNS out to skeletal (voluntary) muscles, such as biceps. | Somatic Motor |
| These ___ ___ nerves convey sensations (pain, temp, touch, proprioception) from the body to the CNS. | Somatic (General) Sensory |
| What two types of neurons does the SNS or "voluntary" nervous system utilize? | sensory portion & motor portion |
| What does the sensory portion of the SNS convey? | sensations of touch, temp, pain from peripheral sensory receptors |
| What does the motor portion of the SNS convey? | voluntary or reflexive movements by contracting skeletal muscles |
| If I touched a warm iron, what nervous system is being used? | SNS |
| What does the Autonomic Nervous System innervate? | organs (viscera) in the body cavities smooth & cardiac muscle glands (sweat & salivary) |
| What parts of the body doesn't the somatic nervous system innervate? | organs (viscera) in the body cavities smooth & cardiac muscle glands (sweat & salivary) |
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