9603915
Description
Flashcards by Diane Nguyen, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Diane Nguyen
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Major Depressive Episode | - extremely depressed mood lasting at least 2 weeks - cognitive symptoms - disturbed physical functioning - anhedonia |
| Manic Episode | - extreme elation, euphoria, and hyperactivity - lasts at least 1 week, impairment |
| Mania Hallmarks | - sexual promiscuity - spending sprees - delusions of grandeur |
| Mania 'Light' - Hypomanic Episode | - period of elevated mood lasting at least 4 days, NOT severe enough to cause impairment in normal functioning |
| Major Depression | - single episode - high unusual - recurrent episodes - more common - grief & depression - should grief be a part of MDD |
| Dysthymia / Persistent Depressive Disorder | - 'milder' than major depression - persists for at least 2 years - no more than 2 months symptom free - related to depression? |
| Bipolar I | - alternations between full manic episodes and depressive episodes |
| Bipolar II | - alternations between major depressive and hypomanic episodes - 10 - 25% of cases progress to bipolar I - key: less severe manic episodes |
| Mixed Episode | - manic and depressive episodes nearly every day for at least 1 week - causes impairment in normal functioning |
| Cyclothymic Disorder | - involves hypomanic episodes along with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode |
| Prevalence of Mood Disorders | - no gender gap in bipolar disorder - as it is genetic |
| Life Span Developmental Influences on Mood Disorders | - often misdiagnosed as ADHD - children were being diagnosed with bipolar at high rates, now 'disruptive mood dysregulation disorder' |
| Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder | - in majority of menstrual cycles, at least five mood disorder symptoms (feeling suddenly sad or angry) - new to the DSM |
| Familial and Genetic Influences | - family studies: severe mood disorders - genetic contribution - neurotransmitter systems: low levels of serotonin, permissive hypothesis (fall in serotonin causes fall in norepinephrine) |
| Neurobiological Influences | - sleep disturbance - hallmark of most mood disorders - relation between depression and sleep |
| Psychological Dimensions (Stress) | - stressful life events - stress is strongly related to mood disorders - reciprocal-gene environment model: depressed/predisposed - go into environments that may worsen/reinforce the depression (do certain things that end up making it worse) |
| Psychological Dimensions (Cognitive Theory) | - cognitive errors - depressive cognitive triad: think negatively about oneself, think negatively about the world, think negatively about the future |
| Psychological Dimensions (Learned Helplessness) | - learned helplessness theory of depression - lack of perceived control over life events - a depressive attributional style: internal attributions, stable attributions, global attribution |
| Types of Cognitive Errors | - arbitrary inference: overemphasise the negative - overgeneralisation: negatives apply to all situations |
| Social and Cultural Dimensions | - marital dimensions: marital dissatisfaction strongly related to depression, particularly in males - mood disorders in women: 70% of major depression and dysthymia are women, women ruminate more than men - social support predicts onset/recovery from depression |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | - block reuptake of serotonin: Fluoxetine (Prozac) - negative side effects are common |
| Tricyclic Antidepressants | - widely used (eg. Elavil) - block reuptake of norepinephrine and other neurotransmitters |
| Mixed Reuptake Inhibitors | - Venlafaxine (Effexor) - blocks reuptake of norepinephrine as well as serotonin |
| Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors | - blocks monoamine oxidase |
| Lithium | - side effects may be severe - why lithium works remains unclear |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | - ECT effective for cases of severe depression - nature of ECT: usually 6-10 outpatient treatments, short-term memory loss |
| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) | - |
| Psychosocial Treatments | - cognitive-behavioral therapy - interpersonal psychotherapy: focuses on problematic interpersonal relationships |
| Nature of Suicide: Facts & Statistics | - 11th leading cause of death in US - males are more successful at committing suicide - females attempt suicide more often |
| Risk Factors of Suicide | - suicide in the family - low serotonin levels - preexisting psychological disorder - alcohol use and abuse - stressful life event - past suicidal behavior |
| Treatments for Mood Disorders | - psychosocial treatments - transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) - electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - lithium - mono oxidase (MAO) inhibitors - mixed reuptake inhibitors - tricyclic antidepressants - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) |
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