Flashcards
Human and Animal Interactions
Cards in this deck (16)
- 1ReptilesAnorexia, stop drinking
Hiding
Shake tails
Aggression
Head bobbing, rubbing on glass
Immunocompromised - 2BirdsFeather plucking
Anorexia
Increased ectoparasite levels
Aggression
Increased vocalisation
Subdued - 3InvertebratesDeath
Increased ectoparasite levels - 4Big cats and ElephantsSwaying, pacing, hiding
Decreased activity
Lameness in elephants
Anorexia
Immunocompromised - 5PrimatesRegurgitation
Defecating in hand & throwing it
Throwing food
Hiding
Covering head
Banging on glass - 6Visitor effectExact effects largely unknown
Most research on primates (in 1980s)
Camouflage netting made visitors quieter, did not bang on glass
And were seen to tell children to be quiet - 7Traditional exhibits: Lead to visitors trying to interact with animals in harmful/stressful way Visitors try to provoke inactive animals for responseHosey (2000) categorised effects as:
source of stress
source of enrichment
relatively neutral - 8Although some studies have shown animals habituate to visitors, most show stress Depending on temperament, presentation, visitor behaviourVisitors in petting zoos, aquarium touch pools and VIP encounters get closer to animals than those in traditional zoos
- 9Visitor effect on non-primates: Very few studies Nimon and Dalziel (1992) found Claude, a long-billed corella spent 93% of time dancing when visitors present (enriching but limit)Mallapur and Chellam (2002) found Indian Leopards were sig less active when zoo open.
Increasing pacing on v busy days - 10Anderson et al. (2002) found high density of visitors in petting zoos correlated to higher rates of aggression and escape attempts in African Pygmy goats and Romanov sheepCarlstead and Brown (2005) found corticoid conc were positively correlated with exposure to visitors in Black Rhinos
High numbers = high levels - 11Visitor effects on primates: Number of people visiting (freq) ad number of people visiting (density) can have adverse effectsWood (1998) found larger and more variable crowds at weekends:
reduced foraging, object use, playing and grooming in Chimpanzees - 12A chimpanzee at Sweden's Furuvik Zoo chipped concrete into discs overnight to throw at visitors in morningWells (2005) found Gorillas were more aggressive to conspecifics, displayed abnormal behaviour and self-grooming behaviours when crowds were large
- 13Birke (2002) found orang-utans cover heads when visitors approached. Infants approached and held onto mothers more when large groups presentCotton-top tamarins, Diane monkeys and ring tailed lemurs showed increased aggression, decreased grooming, affiliative behaviour and inactivity when visitors present
- 14In generalCrowd size and activity affect behaviour
Increase in reproductive behaviour when zoo closed
Threshold
Primates especially affected - 15What can be done?Conflicting goals: entertainment vs. animal welfare
Zoos want animals to display natural behaviours, be active and interesting
Though this draws in more visitors which is stressful - 16Eliminating interaction may be detrimental to some species as they find visitors enriching (in moderate levels) So...Control visitor numbers
Reminding crowds what/not to do Specifying what is stressful
Designing naturalistic exhibit
Camouflage netting
Give control to animal (high/retreat areas)
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- Zoo Animals (Health) Flashcards on Human and Animal Interactions, created by serenacutbill on 18/05/2013.
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- serenacutbill
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