READING STRATEGIES

READING STRATEGIES

1. 1. SKIMMING

   • Method of rapidly moving the eyes over the text
     • WITH
       • The purpose of getting only the main ideas
         • A. Is useful in three different situatios
           • Pre-reading Skimming
             • Is more thorough than simple previewing
               • AND
                 • Can give more accurate picture of text to be read later.
           • Reviewing Skimming
             • Is useful for reviewing text already read.
           • Reading Skimming
             • It is most often used to quickly read material.
               • DON'T
                 • Need more detailed attention.
         • B. Steps in skimming an article
           • Read the title.
             • Shortest possible summary of the content
           • Read the introduction.
           • Read the first paragraph completely.
           • Read subheadings and look for relationships among them.
           • Read the first sentence of each remaining sentence.
             • A. The main idea of most paragraphs appears in the first sentences.
             • B. If the author's pattern is to begin with a question or anecdote, you may find the last sentence more valuable.
           • Dip into the text looking for:
             • Clue words that answer WH questions.
             • Proper nouns. inusual words, enumeration.
             • Qualifying adjetives and typographycal cues
           • Read the final paragrph completely
         • C. Mastering skimming effectively requires that you use it frequently.
         • D. Skimming can usually be accomplished at about 1000 words per minute.

2. 2. SCANNING

   • Rapidly covers a great deal of material in order to locate a specific fact.
     • A. Is very useful for finding a specific names, dates, statistic or facts
       • Without reading the entire article.
     • B. Steps an scanning an article.
       • Keep in mind at all times what it is searching for
       • Anticipate in what form the information is likely to appear
         • Numbers, proper nouns, etc.
       • Analyze the organization of the content
         • If material is fairly brief, you may be able to scan the entire article in a single search.
         • If the material is difficult, a preliminary skimming may be neccesary to determine which part of the article
       • Let your eyes run rapidly over several lines.
       • When you find the sentence that has the information you seek.
         • Read the entire sentence.
     • C. You must be willing to skip over large sections of text without reading or understanding them.
     • D. Scanning can be done at 1500 or more words per minute.

3. 3. PREDICTING (Befrore/during reading)

   • WHAT IT IS?
     • Predicting involves predicting ahead while reading and anticipating information in the text.
       • When we use what we know to make a guess before we read it is called "predicting".
   • WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
     • By making predictions about the text before, during, and after readingm.
       • Students use what they already know to make connections to the text.
   • WHRN CAN YOU USE IT?
     • Reading/English
       • Make a predictions at the start of each chapter of a book.
         • After reading, discuss the text that helped verify the predictions.
     • Writing.
       • After reading a text, wirte a summary of your initial prediction and why it was needed to be modified.

4. 4. INFERRING (During reading)

   • WHAT IS IT IMPORTANT?
     • Inference is a mental process by which we reach a conclusion based on specific evidence.
   • WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
     • The more evidence within a text we incorporate into our interpretation.
   • Consider the following statement:
     • The Senator admitted owning the gun that killed his wife.
       • There is Senator.
       • He owns a gun.
       • He is married.
       • His wife is dead.
       • That gun caused her death.
       • The Senator adtitted owning that gun.
   • WHEN CAN YOU USE IT?
     • Reading.
       • Make inferences about thoughts and actions. Use inference when you find unknown words.
     • Writing.
       • Wirte a list of the facts you seeand the inferences you can get from them.

5. Guessing (During/after reading)

   • WHAT IS IT?
     • Guessing means estimating something.
       • Tp assume a fact.
         • You can guess the meaning of unknown words in two ways:
           • Lrarning how most English words are formed
             • Prefix-root-suffix
               • Using Affixes (Prefix and Suffix)
                 • Many English words are made up of combination of three words elements:
                   • A prefix.
                     • Is a sillable.
                       • E.g. pre- or un-, re-, in-, ex-, sub-, post-
                         • Placed in placed in front of a word to change its meaning.
                   • A stem.
                     • Or root is a word element.
                       • Often taken from Latin or Greek.
                   • And a suffix.
                     • Is the word element that is attached to the end of a root or word.
                       • E.g. -ly, -ize, -ful, -er, -or.
                         • Both change the meaning of the root and form a new word
             • Analyzing their context. Looking around to find clues.
   • USING CONTEXT TO GUESS WORD MEANING
     • Understanding words through context will be helpful in reading process.
       • There are some common ways in guessing difficult by context:
         • 1. Using a short definition with a verb "to be"
           • E.g. A catlass is a short curved sword.
         • 2. Using clauses.
           • E.g. Airships, which are cigarshaped, steerable ballons, have many uses, such as filming, advertising and entertainment,
         • 3. Using punctuations.
           • E.g. In a laser printing, the greater the number of dpi (dots per inch) the higher the quality of the image produced.
         • 4. Using Contrasts.
           • E.g. The bite of garter snake, unlike that of the deadly cobra, is benign.
         • 5. Using Synonyms (Usually expressed in a word "or")
           • E.g. The husky, or sled dog, of the North is a hardly breed.
         • 6. Using examples or pictures.
           • E.g. Percussion instruments, such as drums, cymbals and tambourines, were the preferred instruments in the study.
   • WHY IS GUESSING IMPORTANT?
     • Guessing word meanings you'll be able to figure out the meanings of words withput consulting a dictionary.
       • The benefits is that you'll gain time and practice association-making skills.
   • WHEN CAN YOU USE IT?
     • Use the guessing technique when you're reading in a continuos flow, very concentrated