AI

AI

1. Foundations of AI

   • Neuroscience
     • It explains the plastic physical substrate for mental activity
   • Philosophy
     • the Logic, the methods of reasoning , the foundations of learning, language, and rationality
   • LInguistics
     • It brings the knowledge representation grammar
   • Mathematics
     • Formal representation a nd proof algorithms, and the concepts of computation, decidability, tractability, and probability
   • Economics
     • Brings formal theory of rational decisions
   • Control Theory
     • From this we get the contribution on h omeostatic systems, stability, and simple optimal agent designs
   • Psychology
     • Adaptation phenomena of perception and motor control experimental techniques , such as the psychophysics and more

2. History of AI

   • Inital Stage
     • It includes the d evelopment of basic techniques to represent the intelligent behavior with methods and languages. I n order to develop intelligent behavior, two lines of research were developed: the he uristic search methods , and the m ethods for automatic deduction .
     • 956 to 1970
   • Industrial Difusion Stage
     • Is characterized by the fact that commercial projects were developed by private companies, and by the a cceptance of AI as a professional computer activity. AI projects are d eveloped not only by research center s but by professional companies as well. The most important applications were related to knowledge - based systems (KBS's)
     • Current Stage Since 1981
   • Prototyping Stage
     • was characterized by more complex projects, but still limited to research centers. When there were already a number of proven techniques, larger projects were developed for possible industrial application
       • • Robot controller intelligent programs • Natural language understanding • Expert systems • Development of logic programming • Operational optimization of LISP environments
     • 1970 to 1981