2. The Human

2. The Human

1. INPUT-OUTPUT CHANNEL

   • Psychological and physiological attributes of the use
     • Capabilities
     • limitations
   • Analogy of the user as an information processing system
     • Information comes in, is stored and processed, and information is passed out
   • Input
     • Sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell
     • Some senses may be used as input and output channels
   • Output
     • Limps
     • fingers
     • eyes
     • head
   • VISION
     • HUMAN EYE
       • Stages
         • Physical reception of stimulus
         • Processing and interpretation of stimulus
       • Elements
         • Retina
           • convert light into electrical signals
         • Cones
           • colour and detail.
           • daylight vision
         • Rods
           • night vision
         • Fovea
           • sharp central vision
     • VISUAL PERCEPTION
       • Size and depth
         • Visual angle
         • Visual acuity
         • Law of size constancy
           • Our perception of an object’s size remains constant even if its visual angle changes.
             • Factors
               • depth
               • Size and height
               • Familiarity
       • Brightness
         • a subjective reaction to levels of light
         • Affect by luminance
         • Contrast
         • Visual acuity
           • as luminance increases, flicker also increases.
       • Color
         • visual perceptual property
           • derives from the spectrum of light
         • The cones are sensitive to light of different wavelengths
           • Red, green and blue
         • Color vision is best in the fovea
         • Components
           • Hue
           • Intensity
           • Saturation
     • READ
       • Stages
         • perceived
         • decoded
         • syntactic and semantic analysis
       • saccades followed by fixations
         • eye makes jerky movements
       • regressions
   • TOUCH
     • ACTIVE EXPLORATION OF SURFACES AND OBJECTS
       • SKIN
         • thermoreceptors
         • noceceptors
         • mecchanoreceptors
   • MOVEMENT
     • STIMULUS
       • SENSORY RECEPTORS
         • BRAIN
           • RESPONSE
             • REACTION TIME + MOVEMENT TIME

2. HUMAN MEMORY

   • INFORMATION ENCODED, STORED AND RETRIEVED
   • STRUCTURE
     • SENSORY MEMORIES
       • BUFFER FOR STIMULUS
         • ICONIC=VISUAL
         • ECHOIC=AURAL
         • HAPTIC=TOUCH
     • WORKING MEMORY
       • TENDENCY TO FLUSH
     • LONG-TERM MEMORY
       • HUGE
       • SLOW ACCES
       • MAIN RESOURCE
   • THINKING
     • REASONNIG
       • USE KNOWLEDGE TO MAKE CONCLUSIONS OR INFER
       • INDUCTIVE
       • ABDUCTIVE
     • PROBLEM SOLVING
       • SOLUTION FOR UNFAMILIAR TASK USING KNOWLEDGE
       • GESTALT PSYCOLOGY
         • PRINCIPLES
           • REIFICATION
           • MULTISTABILITY
           • INVARIANCE
           • EMERGENCE
         • LAWS
           • PROXIMITY
           • SIMILARITY
           • CLOSURE
           • SYMMETRY
     • SKILL ACQUISITION
       • NOT COMPLETELY NEW PROBLEMS
         • GRADUALLY ACQUIRE SKILL
   • EMOTION
     • AFFECT HOW WE PERFORM
       • POSITIVE
       • NEGATIVE
     • INVOLVE PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE EVENTS
     • INTERACT WITH COMPUTER SYSTEMS
       • GOOD INTERFACE
         • PROMOTE POSITIVE RESPONSES
           • SUCCESS

3. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

   • SEX
   • PHYSICAL CAPABILITIES
   • INTELLECTUAL CAPABILITIES
   • STRESS
   • FATIGUE