LOGIC

LOGIC

1. Logic is a formal science that studies the structure or forms of human thought to establish valid laws and principles to obtain truth criteria.

   • Propositional, mathematical, or symbolic logic
     • Propositional logic is the branch of logic that studies the propositional variables, the logical connectives. Some authors also identify it with mathematical logic or symbolic logic, since it uses a series of special symbols that bring it closer to mathematical language.
   • Philosophical logic
     • Philosophical logic uses four fundamental principles that establish correct thinking processes. These principles are the principle of identity, the principle of non-contradiction, the principle of excluded third party and the principle of sufficient reason.
   • Formal logic and informal logic
     • Formal logic is one whose object of study is technical inferences through the use of deductive systems and formal languages and semantics. Informal logic, for its part, studies natural reasoning and argumentation systems through language and everyday thought.
   • Aristotelian logic
     • Aristotelian logic uses so-called syllogisms, which is a deduction or form of reasoning in which premises are established from which a conclusion is inferred. It is, therefore, a concept similar to deductively valid arguments. A classic example of Aristotelian logic is: 'All men are mortal. All Greeks are men. Therefore, all Greeks are mortal. The first two sentences would be the premises and the third the conclusion.
   • Diffuse logic
     • It is a type of logic that uses random but contextualized and related values, establishing the relative of the observed as a differential position. Fuzzy logic is applied in various areas such as computing and industry.