Mind map

TEMA 3, 4 Y 5

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TEMA 3, 4 Y 5

Sound
- Speed 3343 m/s room temperature
  - Is different according to the medium and object
    - Standing Waves in a Cylinder
      - As harmonics with odd numbers
    - Intensity
      - Volume
        Decibels (dB)
        Compare intensity of a sound with the minimum intensity for human hearing
        Bel
        Compare intensities of two sounds
    - Doppler Effect
      - Approaching – High pitch
      - Moving away – Low pitch
Vibration
- Strings of a violin or vocal cords
  - Behavior
    - Light, Sound and many nature phenomena
  - Simple Harmonic Motion
    - Simplest kind of oscillation and repeats over time
      - Movement is periodic
      - Absence of friction
      - Produced by a restitution force
      - Oscillates around an equilibrium position
    - Such as springs and pendulums
    - Waves (Oscillatory Systems)
      - Amplitude
        Maximum displacement from the equilibrium point (m)
      - Frequency
        Number of cycles in 1 second
      - Angular displacement
        Number of oscillations in radians
      - Angular frequency
        Number of cycles in radians per second
      - Period
        Time a body takes to go back its original position after 1 full cycle
- SHM and Hooke´s Law
  - Restoring Force
    - Spring go back and forth from the restoring position
  - No friction
    - the mass will be going back and forth with the same amplitude on both sides
- Energy in SHM
  - Springs have potential energy
    - Every time is stretched and release potential energy is transformed into kinetic and viceversa
    - Joules
  - Conservation of Energy
    - There is no friction in the oscillator, so the energy is conserved
- Motion Equations
  - Vibration can be studied as sinusoidal wave
    - Position as a function of time
    - Velocity as a function of time
    - Acceleration as a function of time
Waves
- Oscillations in nature
- Transfer Energy
- Kind of Waves
  - Mechanic
    - Transverse
      - Particles in a medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of the wave’s motion
    - Longitudinal
      - Particles in a medium vibrate in the same direction of the wave’s motion
    - Needs a medium to travel like sound and air
  - Seismic
  - Electromagenetic
- Anatomy
- Speed
  - Medium (Rope)
    - Frequency depends on tension, linear density and velocity
      - Linear Density
        Spread Speed – Depend on the medium
- Energy
  - Vibrating particles transfer energy to the medium
- Standing Waves
  - Don´t travel
  - Node – Two waves meet a destructive interference occur
  - Antinode – Perpendicularly away is a constructive interference
  - More Frequency = More nodes and antinodes
  - Rseonance
    - Harmonics