Language Psychopathology

Language Psychopathology

1. ·

   • To successfully classify all language disorders we have to know how to correctly combine several axes:
     • Speech-Language.
       • • It refers to whether the problem is in the ability to articulate or in cognitive language problems
     • Production-Understanding
       • • It refers to whether the problem lies in understanding what others say or, on the contrary, the subject has problems in issuing messages.
     • Organic-Functional
       • It refers to whether the disorder is due to a neural failure or not.
     • Innate-Acquired.
     • Central-Peripheral.

2. LANGUAGE ARTICULATION DISORDER.

   • DYSARTHRIA
     • Organic disorder of a neurological nature in the conductive pathways of the verbal-motor analyzer.
       • They produce alterations in the pronunciation of sounds.
       • ORIGIN
         • Confused vocalizations, weak syllables, unintelligible speech.

3. LANGUAGE DISORDERS.

   • It affects the way language is processed and expressed.
     • They can be divided into the following groups
       • Absence of language
         • MUTISM
           • It consists of a total absence of verbal language, without in fact the instrumental capacities are affected.
       • Rhythm disorders
         • They consist of alterations in rhythm in speed of language. The most relevant are:
           • Bradifemia or bradiphasia.
             • Slowing down emission of language.
           • Increased response latency.
             • The language It is normal, but the time that passes since it is performed the question until the patient begins to answer it is longer.
           • Tachyphemia or tachyphasia.
             • Acceleration in issuance of language. Talk very fast. It is usually associated with a excessive talking (logorrhea or verbiage).
           • Speech pressure
             • Increase in the amount of spontaneous language compared to what is considered normal or socially appropriate.
           • Stuttering or dysphemia or spasmophemia.
             • There is a disturbance of the rhythm and fluency of speech, characterized by the interruption of the flow of speech, by the tendency to repeat the initial syllables of words.
           • Aprosodia.
             • Lack of intonation, appearing a monotonous speech, without inflections and with loss of musicality. It is usually associated with similar alterations in language
       • Iterative language disorders or verbal stereotypes
         • Alterations in the repetition of the same syllable, word or phrase. The following types can be distinguished:
           • Palilalia
             • Involuntary repetition of a multiple word times in a row and in a spasmodic way.
               • Common in patients with aphasia, in other neurological disorders ( Parkinson's, etc.)
           • Echolalia
             • Irrelevant and persistent repetition of last words or phrases that have been addressed to the patient, as an echo.
               • You can also copy your intonation.
           • Verbigeration
             • Incessant repetition, devoid of sense, in an automated and stereotyped way of the same words or phrases. They are usually chained as of speech.
               • It is a very nonspecific symptom.
           • Coprolalia
             • Stereotyped employment of vulgar, obscene and dirty words.
               • Is a symptom characteristic of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, if it may well be found in other disorders as well.
       • Disorders of meaning
         • Affect more directly to meaning of language.
           • Neologisms
             • Creation and use of words or expressions without a generally accepted meaning, at the same time that the patient gives a concrete meaning
           • Paralogisms
             • Confusion of the concept it expresses a word, so that an existing word is it gives it a different meaning than it actually has.
           • Glossomania
             • Set of verbal manifestations accumulated new forms without syntactic concern any and devoid of fixity and significance of their own
       • Alterations of preferably neurological origin
         • Aphasia
           • Impaired understanding and expression of language produced by the injury of certain regions cerebral
             • It's divided in:
               • Broca's or motor aphasia. Inability to issue words, the musculature of language being undamaged. The patient understands but is unable to speak.
               • Sensory or Wernicke's aphasia. There is a normal or increased verbal production, although there is no linguistic content in what the patient says. He speaks in a long and incomprehensible way, not understands and seems unaware of your problem linguistic.
               • Mixed aphasia (motor + sensory). The sum of the previous two.
               • Transcortical aphasia. Repetition intact but alteration of the rest of the linguistic functions. I know produced by infarcts in the areas of vascularization border of the great cerebral arteries.
               • Psychogenic aphasias. Very rare; present in some conversion tables
     • DEMENTIA
       • Irreversible loss of intellectual abilities.
         • WHAT AFFECTS
           • Memory, the ability to express and communicate properly, organize everyday life.
             • TYPES
               • Immediate - recent - remote.
             • Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, Huntington

4. DYSPRAXIA

   • Inability to order simple motor activities within complex ones.
     • You cannot control sound sequences.
       • 3 Types
         • Orofacial apraxia: cannot organize movements with the muscles of the face
         • Construction apraxia: inability to organize the tasks involved in controlling spatial coordinates.
         • Ideational apraxia: inability to perform movements with the hands.
   • Also called apraxia

5. Pifarré. J. (2018). Trastornos del pensamiento y del lenguaje. Recuperado el día 05 de marzo del 2021, desde, https://www.pir.es/impugnaciones2018/pregunta77/cap45%20Trast%20PENSAMIENTO%20y%20LENGUAJE.pdf Psicología UNED. (2018). 10. Psicopatología del lenguaje. Recuperado el día 05 de marzo del 2021, desde, http://psicologia.isipedia.com/segundo/psicopatologia/psicopatologia-parte-1/10-psicopatologia-del-lenguaje

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