UNIT 5

UNIT 5

1. GRAMMAR

   • CONDITIONALS
     • ZERO CONDITIONAL
       • FORM
         • If+present simple, present simple:
       • USE
         • We use the zero conditional for situations that are generally true We use when instead of if to show that the situation happens frequently
         • EXAMPLE
           • - If you press this button, the tight comes on -When I get up in the morning, it's ninally still dark
     • FIRST CONDITIONAL
       • FORM
         • If+ present simple, will going to/might/ may/could infinitive
       • USE
         • The first conditional is used for possible future situations and their likely consequences Will and going to describe a certain outcome and might may/could talk about a possible outcome.  We can make the situation seem less likely by using should happen to or should happen to
         • EXAMPLE
           • If it should happens to/should happen to rain, we'll come home again
     • SECOND CONDITIONAL
       • FORM
         • if past simple, would/might/could + infinitive
       • USE
         • The second conditional is used for talking about an imaginary present or unlikely future situation and its consequences. We can use were to if we want to make a situation sound even more unlikely or improbable
         • EXAMPLE
           • If she knew how to speak German, I'm ture she'd talk to them. If we had a computer, we could look it up on the Internet. -If we were to get into the final of the competition, we would have to train for harder.
     • THIRD CONDITIONAL
       • FORM
         • If past perfect, would/wouldn't have +past participle
       • USE
         • We use the third conditional to speculate on imaginary or impossible situations in the past and their consequences. It is often used to express regret or criticism. We can also express a hypothetical possibility in the past with might/ may/could have + past participle.  We use the continuous form to focus on the duration or repeated natureof an activity or situation rather than its completion.
         • EXAMPLE
           • -If I hadn't seen that documentary, I would never have known who he was If you'd looked where you were going, you wouldn't have walked into me. -If we had brought a neap, we might have known where we were going. We could have made a birthday cake if we'd had the ingredients
   • OTHER FORMS USED CONDITIONALS
     • CONTINUOUS
       • We can use the continuous form in the conditional clause to emphasise that the situation is happening right here, right now.
       • EXAMPLE
         • -If they're coming with us, they need to get ready.  -If they were sitting in their seats, we'd be able to see the stage. 
     • IF IT WERENT FOR
       •  If we want to emphasise that a situation is different from what it would otherwise be, we can use if it weren't for
       • EXAMPLE
         • If it weren't for her courage and determination, the wouldn't be here today. She's here today because of her courage and determination.
     • WILL
       • We sometimes use will, would and going to in the if clause in certain situations.
       • EXAMPLE
         • -If you would fill in this form, someone will be with you in a mement (polite request) -If you will keep talking about yourself. I'm not surprised no-one wants to listen (annoying behaviour) If they're going to ignore my advice, I don't want to help them, (intention) -If you won't tell them your name, they won't let you in. I won't go out if you'll be happier. (result) -If you would hold this for a moment. I'll show you how it works. (cooperation)
   • ADVANCED CONDITIONAL FORMS
     • SUPPOSING
       • We often use supposing or imagine instead of if in spoken situations. This suggests an act of imagination.
       • EXAMPLE
         • Supposing you could spend a day with someone famous. Who would it be?
     • UNLESS
       • Unless tends to be used more in real conditionals and means if not. We don't use unless in questions.
       • EXAMPLE
         • Unless we change the way we think about work, we'll never be able to face the challenges of the 21st century.
     • EVEN IF
       • Even if is used to emphasise that although something may happen or may be true, another situation remains the same.
       • EXAMPLE
         •  Even if we lose this game, we still have a chance of winning the league.
     • IN CASE
       • In case is used to suggest readiness for a possible future development.
       • EXAMPLE
         • We'll take sandwiches in case we can't find somewhere to eat.
     • PROVIDED
       • Provided (that) has a similar sense of reservation as unless but means only if.
       • EXAMPLE
         • Provided the stadium is finished, the games will go ahead as planned.

2. VOCABULARY

   • GETTING MEANING ACROSS
     • Hint
       • Pista
     • Vague
       • Amplia
     • Blunt
       • Directo/Sincero
     • Conveys
       • Producir más sentimientos/Conmocionar
     • Imply
       • Dejar claro
     • Mumble
       • Hablar sin vocalizar
     • Ambiguous
       • Ambiguo
     • Vocal
       • Ruidoso
   • COLLOCATIONS-COMUNICATIONS
     • In regular communication
       • Comunicación normal
     • Speak with one voice
       • Dar opinión
     • A breakdown of communication
       • Fallo de comunicación
     • At the top of your voice
       • Lo más alto que puedes hablar
     • Face to face communication
       • Hablar cara a cara
     • A tone of voice
       • Tono de voz
     • Raise/Lower your voice
       • Sube/Baja la voz
     • A means communication
       • Medio de comunicación
   • COLLOCATIONS WITH
     • Say
       • Hate to say
         • Odio decir
       • Not trust yourself to say the right thing
         • No confiar en ti mismo para decir lo correcto
       • Be about to say
         • Estar a punto de decir
       • Hear someone say
         • Escuchar a alguien decir
       • Have nothing to say
         • Nada que decir
     • Speak
       • Speak your mind
         • di lo que piensas
       • Not trust yourself to speak
         • No confiar en ti mismo para hablar
       • escuchar a alguien hablar
         • Escuchar a alguien hablar
       • Speak out against
         • Hablar en contra de
       • Not be on speaking terms
         • No estar en términos de hablar
     • Tell
       • Tell the truth
         • Decir la verdad
       • Tell you so
         • Te lo digo
       • Tell someone what you think
         • Decir a alguien que piensas
       • Hate to tell
         • Odio decir
       • Tell the difference
         • Decir la diferencia