Mind map

IoT and Signal Conditioning

jose Torres Spanish

Map content

Sensors and Signal Conditioning
- Physical Sensors
  - Thermistors, RTDs, strain gauges, MEMS.
  - Capture physical events: temperature, pressure, motion.
- Signal Conditioning
  - Amplification
    - Circuits: operational amplifiers.
    - Formula
  - Filtering
    - Types: low-pass, high-pass, band-pass.
    - Low-pass filter formula:
  - Linearization
    - Convert non-linear signals into linear signals.
    - Methods: logarithmic or exponential circuits.
  - Conversion
    - ADC: analog
      - digital (successive approximation, integration, continuous current).
    - DAC: digital
      - analog (weighted resistor, constant current).
IoT Architecture
- Devices and Networks
  - Sensors
  - Edge
  - Gateways
  - Cloud/Fog
  - Applications.
- Networks
  - PAN: Bluetooth, Zigbee, Z-Wave.
  - LAN: Wi-Fi, Thread, 6LoWPAN.
  - WAN: 4G LTE, 5G, LoRaWAN, Sigfox
- Data Processing
  - Edge computing: fast local analysis.
  - Fog computing: intermediate processing.
  - Cloud computing: storage and advanced analytic
  - Analytics: rules engines, complex event processing, machine learning (neural networks, prediction).
- Security
  - Physical, hardware, communication, protocols.
  - Emerging technologies: Blockchain, Software Defined Perimeter.
Network Value in IoT
- Metcalfe’s Law
  - Implication: more sensors/devices → higher network value.
- Beckstrom’s Law
  - Value = sum of all benefits and costs of each transaction.
  - Formula
  - Considers resilience, interruptions, and importance of each sensor/node.
IoT Architect Role
- Optimize sensor power consumption and data reliability.
- Ensure the network provides measurable value to the customer (Metcalfe/Beckstrom).
- Design a secure, scalable, and efficient system
- Choose protocols (MQTT, CoAP, AMQP), cloud/edge/fog strategies.