Mind map

Nadia burns her hand

mariam abdelaal English

Map content

demography
- 55yrs old
- nadia
- runs fast food shop
skin
- functions
  - protection
    - against UV rays
    - against dehydration
    - physical barrier to microorganisms
  - sensation
    - touch
    - pressure
    - pain
  - thermoregulation
    - insulation
    - sweating
  - metabolism
    - vitamin D synthesis
  - immunological organ
- layers
  - epidermis
    - outer layer
    - first line defense
    - layers
      - basale
      - spinosum
      - granulosum
      - lucidum
      - corneum
  - dermis
    - internal layer
    - contains
      - nerve endings
      - blood vessels
      - sweat glands
      - hair follicles
  - hypodermis
- common injury
  - burns
    - coagulative necrosis of tissues
      - necrosis
    - causes
      - thermal
        flame
        boiling water
      - chemical
        acid or bases
      - electrical
        high/low voltage
      - mechanical
      - radiation
    - degree
      - first
      - second
      - third
    - calculated by
      - the rule of nine
    - complication
      - scarring
      - joint mobility issues
      - post-traumatic stress
      - difficulty with thermoregulation
      - long-term
        contracture
        when healing occurs in moving joint
        keloid
        excessive scar formation
        deformity
      - acute
        infection
        foreign body organism enters body
        caused by pathogens
        bacteria
        viruses
        parasites
        fungi
        tests to detect
        antibody test
        viral culture
        urinalysis
        CSF analysis
        renal failure
        septicimia
    - management
      - airway with c-spine protection
      - breathing and ventilation
      - circulation & control bleeding
      - establish tetanus immunization
      - estimate burn surface area
      - give antibiotics if needed
        chemical compounds used to kill/inhibit bacteria
        mechanisms
        inhibit cell wall synthesis
        penicillin
        natural
        pen. G
        pen. V
        antistaphylococcal
        nafcillin
        oxacillin
        methicillin
        extended
        aminopenicillin
        amoxicillin
        ampicillin
        carboxypenicillin
        ticarcillin
        ureidopenicillin
        pipercillin
        cephalosporins
        inhibit cell membrane synthesis
        inhibit protein synthesis
        inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
        inhibit metabolic processes
        bacteria develop resistance
        horizontal DNA transfer
        vertical DNA transfer
        avoid it?
        regulation of antibiotics
    - causes inflammation
      - cardinal signs
      - local response
  - healing
    - tissue repairs
      - regeneration
        replacement by functioning cells
        depends on tissue type
        1- labile
        continuously dividing
        ex: skin
        2- stable
        divides due to injury
        ex: liver
        3- permenant
        doesn't divide
        ex: neurons
        fails to occur
      - fibrosis
        replacement by scar tissue
    - scar formation
      - 1- angiogenesis
      - 2- formation of granulation tissue
      - 3- deposition of Connective tissue
      - 4- remodelling by MMPS
    - factors affecting
      - positively
        high oxygen level
        good personal hygiene
      - negatively
        infection
        taking steroids
        diabetes mellitus
        poor nutrition
        low protein
        low vitamin C
    - occurs by