11385631
Description
Mind Map by Kohilavaani Ganesan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kohilavaani Ganesan
over 6 years ago
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FUNGI
- Eukaryotic Microbe/ True fungi
- Dispersed by wind, water and animals
- Saprophytes. Multicellular and multinucleated except
for yeast which is unicellular
- No chlorophyll. Have rigid cell wall which is chitin
- Primary storage is glycogen. Reproduce
sexually and asexually.
- Hyphae - long branched threadlike filaments
- Mass of hyphae is mycelia. Hyphae
network through wood, soil and cheese.
- Mass of hyphae is mycelia. Hyphae
network through wood, soil and cheese.
- Three types of feeding form which is saprobic(feed on
dead matter) , parasitic( feed on living host) and
mutualistic heterotrophs( feed on living host, both host
and fungus benefits)
- Anamorphs
- Teleomorphic - produces sexual and asexual spores
- Anamorphic fungi - produces asexual spores only.
- Teleomorphic - produces sexual and asexual spores
- Asexual reproduction- Parent cell undergo mitosis to form
daughter cells.
- Mitosis in vegetative cells may be concurrent with budding to
produce a daughter cell
- Mitosis in vegetative cells may be concurrent with budding to
produce a daughter cell
- Sexual reproduction - involves fusion of compatible nuclei
- Homothallic: Sexually compatible
gametes are formed on the same
mycellium and self fertilizing
- Heterothallic: Outcrossing between
different, yet compatible mycelia
- Homothallic: Sexually compatible
gametes are formed on the same
mycellium and self fertilizing
- Three types of sexual spores
- Zygospore - large spore enclosed in thick wall
- Ascospore - produced in a sac like structure called ascus
- Ascospore - produced in a sac like structure called ascus
- Basidiospore- formed externally at base of basidium
- Zygospore - large spore enclosed in thick wall
- Life cycle of fungi
- Types of fungi
- chytrids (Chytridiomycota)
- zygote (Zygomycota)
- Sac (Ascomycota)
- club (Basidiomycota)
- Club fungi and sexual reproduction form basidium
- Decomposers. Have edible and non edible
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- cryptococcosis - systemic infection
- cryptococcosis - systemic infection
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Decomposers. Have edible and non edible
- Club fungi and sexual reproduction form basidium
- Microsporidia
- Obligate intracellular fungal parasites
that infect insects, fish and humans.
Capable of surviving outside the host.
- Structural similar to 'classic fungi' however lack of
mitochondria, peroxisomes and centrioles
- Microsporodia
- Pathogenesis- severe in HIV/ AIDS patient
- Pathogenesis- severe in HIV/ AIDS patient
- Obligate intracellular fungal parasites
that infect insects, fish and humans.
Capable of surviving outside the host.
- chytrids (Chytridiomycota)
- Basidiomycota and Ascomycota are dikarya - two
parental nuclei are initially paired. Nuclei fuse,
undergo meiosis and produce haploid progeny
- Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota are paraphyletic
- Chytridiomycota- anaerobic rumen fungi. Decompose cellulose. Produce zoospores
and they are obligate anaerobes
- Zycomycota- terrestrial. The decomposers and form zygosporangia.
- They form bread mold which is Rhizopus stolonifer
- Form coencytic hyphae containing numerous haploid nuclei
- They form bread mold which is Rhizopus stolonifer
- Zycomycota- terrestrial. The decomposers and form zygosporangia.
- Chytridiomycota- anaerobic rumen fungi. Decompose cellulose. Produce zoospores
and they are obligate anaerobes
- Genus Rhizopus- Rhizopus- Burkholderia- symbiosis
- Used to make tempeh and soybeans
- Commercially used to produce anesthetics,yellow coloring in margarine
- Used to make tempeh and soybeans
- Glomeromycota- mycorrhizal symbionts of vascular plants
- Mutual relationship and benefits both
- Mutual relationship and benefits both
- Ascomycota
- Phylum- sac fungi. Red, brown and blue-green
molds causes food spoilage
- Asexual reproduction- conidia
- Sexual reproduction - ascus formation with ascospores.
Opposite mating types form zygote. Ascospores
forcefully released from ascocarp, germinate
- Phylum- sac fungi. Red, brown and blue-green
molds causes food spoilage
- Aspergillus
- A. fumigatus
- allergies and significant pathogen
- allergies and significant pathogen
- A.oryzae
- production of fermented foods
- production of fermented foods
- A. fumigatus
- Mycorrhizae - mutual association between
plant root and fungi. Plants benefits is
increase surface area and growth potential. Fungi benefits by feeding from tissues of plant
- Auricularia
- Auricularia
- Lichen- assiociation of a fungus and photosynthetic symbiont resulting in stable thallus of specific structure
- Mutual relationship between algae and fungi. Algae produces food and the fungus provides protection, water and minerals
- Sensitive to environmental toxins and they serve as indicators of the ecological health of an area.
- Foliose lichens
- Leaf-like
- Leaf-like
- Fruticose lichens
- Hair-like/threadlike
- Hair-like/threadlike
- Crustose lichens
- Grow flat to the surface
- Grow flat to the surface
- Mycobiont- protection from sunlight and dessication
- Photobiont: synthesize organic nutrient from carbon dioxide
- Mutual relationship between algae and fungi. Algae produces food and the fungus provides protection, water and minerals
- Ecological impact of fungi which is as decomposers, modify habitat, spoilers, improve plant growth, pathogens and as food also
- Dimorphic Fungi- dimorphism which is two forms of growth. Either mold (by vegetative and aerial hyphae) or yeast (budding,)
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