Networking

Networking

1. Network

   • Ethernet
     • A system for connecting a number of computer systems to form a local area network, with protocols to control the passing of information and to avoid simultaneous transmission by two or more systems.
   • Network Performance
     • Network performance refers to measures of service quality of a network as seen by the customer. There are many different ways to measure the performance of a network, as each network is different in nature and design.
   • Transmission media
     • There are three main categories of media types: Copper cable—Types of cable include unshielded twisted-pair (UTP), shielded twisted-pair (STP), and coaxial cable. ... Wireless—Wireless media include radio frequencies, microwave, satellite, and infrared. ... There are a few disadvantages associated with wireless, however.

2. Virtual network

   • Wifi
     • Encryption
       • In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.
     • wifi is a facility allowing computers, smartphones, or other devices to connect to the Internet or communicate with one another wirelessly within a particular area.
   • VPN
     • A virtual private network (VPN) extends a private network across a public network, and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network.

3. Protocols

   • The TCP/IP Internet protocols, a common example, consist of: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which uses a set of rules to exchange messages with other Internet points at the information packet level. Internet Protocol (IP), which uses a set of rules to send and receive messages at the Internet address level.

4. Internet

   • Packet
     • A packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data, which is also known as the payload.
   • The Cloud
     • The Cloud computing is an information technology paradigm that enables ubiquitous access to shared pools of configurable system resources and higher-level services that can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort, often over the Internet.
   • Hosting
     • A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service that allows individuals and organizations to make their website accessible via the World Wide Web.
   • DNS
     • The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network.

5. Hardware

   • Router
     • A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet.
   • Switch
     • A network switch is a computer networking device that connects devices together on a computer network by using packet switching to receive, process, and forward data to the destination device.
   • Wireless access point (WAP)
     • In computer networking, a wireless access point (WAP), or more generally just access point, is a networking hardware device that allows a Wi-Fi device to connect to a wired network.
   • Network interface card (NIC)
     • A network interface controller (NIC) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network. Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus.

6. Network Structure

   • Topology
     • Star network
       • A star topology (network) is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which all nodes are individually connected to a central connection point, like a hub or a switch. A star takes more cable than e.g. a bus, but the benefit is that if a cable fails, only one node will be brought down.
     • Mesh network
       • A mesh network is a local network topology in which the infrastructure nodes connect directly, dynamically and non-hierarchically to as many other nodes as possible and cooperate with one another to efficiently route data from/to clients.
   • LAN
     • A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building.
   • WAN
     • A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network or computer network that extends over a large geographical distance. Wide area networks are often established with leased telecommunication circuits..
   • Peer-to-Peer
     • a peer-to-peer (P2P) network is created when two or more PCs are connected and share resources without going through a separate server computer.
   • Client-server
     • The client–server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients.

7. Addressing

   • MAC addressing
     • In a local area network (LAN) or other network, the MAC (Media Access Control) address is your computer's unique hardware number.
   • IP adressing
     • An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

8. Storage

   • Bit
     • A bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a computer. A bit has a single binary value, either 0 or 1
   • Nibble
     • a nibble (sometimes spelled nybble) is four binary digits or half of an eight-bit byte.
   • Byte
     • A byte usually consists of eight bits. Amounts of computer memory are often
   • Kilobyte
     • a unit of memory or data equal to 1,024 bytes.
   • Megabyte
     • a unit of information equal to one million or, strictly, 1,048,576 bytes.
   • Gigabyte
     • a unit of information equal to one thousand million (109) or, strictly, 230 bytes.
   • Terabyte
     • a unit of information equal to one million million (1012) or, strictly, 240 bytes.
   • Petabyte
     • a unit of information equal to one thousand million million (1015) or, strictly, 250 bytes.

9. Computing languages

   • Binary
     • In mathematics and digital electronics, a binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, which uses only two symbols: typically 0 and 1.
   • Denary
     • The decimal numeral system is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers. It is the extension to non-integer numbers of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system.
   • Hexadecimal
     • In mathematics and computing, hexadecimal is a positional numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16.

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