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Hindu Beliefs

Annie Liddell Religious Studies GCSE English

Mind map: Hindu beliefs

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Hindu Beliefs

Eternal Self
- Yogas
  - Astanga
    - Asta=8, Anga=limbs
    - Pathway of mediation
    - Finding Brahman within
      - Antaryami
    - Join together mind and body
      - Release hidden energy
    - Hatha
      - Positions
    - Raja
      - 'royal'
    - Benefits
      - Healthy body and mind
      - Longer life
      - Inner peace
    - Release hidden energy
  - Jnana
    - Pathway of knowledge
    - Requires a teacher-guru- not available to all..
    - Aim to overcome ignorance and recognise world as maya
    - Study of scriptures
      - Seek to understand God
    - 4 stages: Detachment , Discrimination, Longing and 6 vitures
    - Brahmins
  - Karma
    - Selfless service of society
      - Sewa
      - Help elderly, environment, unfortunate
    - Arjuna- Vaishnavites
      - Act without thoughts of consequences
      - 'action is better than inaction' BVG
      - Action necessary to sustain life
    - Detatch in the service of others
      - Everyone is Brahman
        Dual
      - Everyone made by Brahman
        Non dual
    - Consequences of our actions both good and bad
    - Gandhi 'serve God by serving humanity'
  - Bhakti
    - Pathway of devotion
    - Loving service to Brahman
    - Available to everyone
    - Requires
      - Strong belief
      - Belief Brahman is good
      - Surrender to god's will
    - Delighting in hearing Gods name, Puja, Worship, Remembering Brahman always, Scripture reading
    - Intense love of God is the pathway and the designation
  - Discipline
  - to join
  - If you think think truth, if you feel feel love, if you act act selflessly and if you do nothing do it mindfully
- Atman
  - Real eternal self in each individual
  - Must be released from cycle of samsara
    - Moksha
      - Mok=illusion, ksha=destruction
      - Union with God
        Become one with Brahman
        Join Brahman
      - Ultimate goal of Hindu life
      - Journey through ashrams necessary to do dharma
        risk of karma
    - Samsara
      - Cycle of birth death and rebirth
      - Atman in all living beings
        More obvious in human beings
      - Karma in this life attaches to atman
        affects Varna of next life
      - Aim of human life to break cycle
      - Released when atman recognise world as maya
        Maya
        Illusion
        Mistaken belief that all living being as separate
        Nothing we see is permanent
        Prakriti
        World is a reflection of Brahman
        Shankara- we live in advidya, but with jnana we can recognise world is maya and end suffering
        Done by enlightenment
        Yoga
        Asceticism
        Transcend sattva
        Maya stops us realising we are Brahman
        Shankara- snake story
  - Part of Brahman
    - Non-dual
    - SHankara
  - Linked to Brahman
    - Dual
  - In all living beings- more obvious in humans
  - Not unique to the person
Cycle of Birth, life and Rebirth
- Detatchement
  - Attachment
    - Material world
      - Prakriti
    - Things we want
    - Bind us to samsara
    - Desires
  - Recognise world as Maya
  - BVG Arjuna
  - Duty without thought of consequences
  - Asceticism
    - Shaivism
  - Enlightenment
- Jivan Mukti
  - Achieve moksha in this life
  - Advaita Vedanta Belief
  - Jivan=life, mukti=freedom
  - Detachment in this life
  - NO longer get karma
  - Same as Brahman
  - Treat everyone with respect and love
  - Self realisation
Karma
- Consequences of actions good and bad
  - Unconscious actions too
  - Thoughts too
  - Should not seek good karma
- Binds to cycle of samsara
- Fair- decided by universal law
  - incomprehensible
  - Different due to circumstance
    - Varnashramadharma
- BVG
  - Action unavoidable for life
  - Do dharma without thought of consequences
- Types
  - Gunas
    - Nishkam
      - Selfless, no expecation of results
      - Sattva
    - Sakam
      - With desire
    - Akarma
      - inaction
  - Sanchita
    - karma from past lives, now in this life
  - Prarabdha
    - karma from this life
    - may affect this life, WILL affect next life
    - explanation for suffering, caste, challenges
    - only ends when experienced
  - Agami/Kriyamana
    - current choices and actions will affect next life
- Decided by Universal Law
Nature of Reality
- Lokas
  - Heavenly 'realm'
  - Top loka- Satyaloka
    - Vaikuntha
    - Shiva-loka
    - Only permanent loka
    - God bhagvan
  - Bhuloka- earth
    - Only place you can get karma
  - Lower realms
    - Punishment for bad karma
      - Relates to it
    - Asuras
  - Higher realms
    - Reward for good karma
    - Devas
  - Only 3 in Vedas
    - 14 in Puranas
- Asuras
  - 1. Divine Leaders
    - 2. Those oppose to the Vedic gods
      - 3. Powerful evil spirits/ demons
  - Located in lower realms
  - Cannot recognise real from not real
    - ignorant
  - Lack insight into reality
  - Metaphor for badness in humans
- Devas
  - Located in higher realms
  - devi- female
  - Recognise real from not real
    - Not impressed by surface reality
  - Vedas- subordinate with Brahman
  - More benevolent than asuras
- Mahayuga
  - maha-great, yuga-age
  - 4 stages
    - gold, silver, bronze, iron
      - now in iron
  - End of age
    - Kalki comes to destroy
      - Kill all bad people
      - New age
    - Everything in cycles
  - Universe is a bubble around Vishnus head
- Creation
  - Upanishads- story of egg. gold-heaven, silver-earth
  - RigVeda Cosmic man
  - Ohm
- Nature of material world
  - prakriti
    - Physical matter
    - material matter
    - Illusion, maya
    - Not permanent
    - Can be seen + touched
  - Purusa
    - spiritual matter
    - made up of the gunas
  - Triguna
    - Sattva
      - enlightenment
      - higher level
      - selfless
      - Vishnu + preservation
    - Raja
      - Passion
      - Desire to acquire
        Enjoy
      - Brahma + creation
    - Tamas
      - ignorance
      - Shiva+ destruction
      - Darkness
      - Deluding
    - Everyone is a mix
      - Primary colours
  - Pursua must overcome prakriti
  - Prakriti and pursue needed for a complete world
Divine
- 3 Features
  - Brahman
    - Saguna
      - With qualities and attributes
        Makes God more understandable
        Creator, preserver, destroyer
      - Not limited by one form
        Not male or female
      - Can be pictured
      - Personal aspect
      - Dvaita, dualist
        Inclusive monotheism
    - Nirguna
      - God without qualities
        Harder to understand
      - God cannot be limited a form
      - Ohm
        Sound of creation
      - Advaita, non dual
      - Divine consciousness without form
      - Rig Veda ' Truth is one the wise call it by many names'
  - Antaryami
    - Personal
    - Found within
    - Meditation
      - Astanga
    - Enlighten
    - Enlighten by finding god in your heart
  - Bhagvan/Ishvara
    - God beyond time and space
    - Incomprehensible
    - Transcendent
    - Represented as ohm
    - Impersonal
      - Atman can enter relat. with Brahman
    - Dual
    - Jnana
    - Enlighten by recognising maya + limit of ourselves
    - Ishvara to Shavities
    - Bhagavan- Vaishnavites
- Manifestations
  - Shakti
    - God in female form
    - Cosmic power as feminine
    - All living beings contain Shakti
    - Supporter of women's rights
    - 'Devi' goddess
    - Many forms
    - Consort of Shiva
      - Bodiless corpse
    - Divine mother
    - Found within, antaryami
  - Murti
    - Image
    - 'embodiment'
    - A statue of a deity
    - Once consecrated, contains/is the diety
    - Helps to focus, understand, PR
    - Express + Develop relat with God
    - Visible to help communicate with God
    - Some say embodies some say represents
  - Trimutri
    - Vishnu
      - Preserver God
        Some say took part in creation
        Controls peace in universe
      - Husband of Lakshmi
      - Incarnates in times of trouble
        Will come at the end of time
      - Carries a conch- 5 elements
      - Flowers- 5 senses
      - Mace- elemental force
      - Lotus- purity
      - Sesha serpent- brother to Lord Krishna
      - 4 hands
    - Brahma
      - Creator God
      - Less worshipped as creation is finished?
      - Cursed; pillar, sarasawti, sati
      - 4 heads reciting vedas
        father of Vedas
      - Lotus purity
      - 4 arms- ego, intellect, consciousness, mind
      - Water pot- material of creation
      - Vehicle is swan/ peacock
      - Scriptures
      - Beard- wisdom
    - Shiva
      - Destroyer
        of illusion
        of bad
      - Ascetic/ erratic, worshipped by outcasts
      - Cresent moon- power over time
      - Blue neck- swallowed poison
      - Snake- power over death
      - Ganges flows from his hair
      - Third eye- insight
      - Trident- gunas, trimurti
  - Tridevi
    - Pavarti
    - Lakshmi
    - Saraswati
4 Aims of Human Life
- Artha
  - Honest accumulation of wealth
  - Must benefit others
  - Part of grihastha dharma
  - One may amass with thousands of hands
  - Dana/Daya
  - Lakshmi- ok to want wealth
    - Needed for religious practises e.g. puja
    - Brahma needed Lakshmi and Saraswati
  - Limited value shown by saniyasin
  - Better not to give than to give to a bad cause
- Moksha
  - Mok-illustion
    - ksha destruction
  - Ultimate goal of human life
  - Reaching one ness with Brahman
    - Enlighten
  - Realise world is maya
  - Go to heavenly realm
    - Join/become brahman
- Dharma
  - Sanatana
    - Universal truth
    - Rules that should be followed by everyone
    - Ahmisa
  - Svadharma
    - Personal dharma
      - Varnashramadharma
    - Arjuna
    - Sometimes contradicts sanatanadharma
  - Duty
    - Depending on age and station of life
    - Must be done without thought of consequences
  - Must be done as part of natural order
  - Way to lose yourself
- Kama
  - Responsible enjoyment of pleasure
  - Shouldnt negatively impact others
  - True baktas find pleasure in god alone
  - Sexual Pleasure not mentioned
    - Some say ok in marriage
  - Problem: Pleasure- maya- gets in way of moksha
  - Should benefit the self
    - Yoga
  - Life is meant to be pleasurable
Human Concerns
- Free Will
- Suffering
- Yamas
  - Dama
  - Dana
  - Days
  - Ahimisa

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Description: GCSE Religious Studies Mind Map on Hindu Beliefs, created by Annie Liddell on 02/04/2018.
Created by: Annie Liddell
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Hindu Beliefs

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